Determination of methamphetamine, amphetamine and ecstasy by inside-needle adsorption trap based on molecularly imprinted polymer followed by GC-FID determination

Abstract

We have developed a solvent-free and sensitive method for the identification and quantification of methamphetamine (MAMP), amphetamine (AMP) and ecstasy (MDMA) in human urine. It is based on the use of an inside-needle adsorption trap (INAT) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MAMP-MIP layer was coated on the internal surface of a hollow stainless steel needle, which was oxidized and silylated. It was used as the extraction needle. A model solution containing the drugs was slowly passed through the extraction needle. After adsorption of the analytes, the needle was directly transferred to the injector of a gas chromatograph, where the analytes were thermally desorbed, separated by GC, and detected with a flame ionization detector. The method does not require an extraction solvent, is fast and simple. The linear range of the calibration graphs are rather wide, and the limit of detection and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for MAMP are 12 and 40 ngmL −1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for six repeated experiments (at 500 ngmL −1 of MAMP) is 4.9 %. The relative recoveries obtained for MAMP in spiked human urine samples are in the range of 81-93 %.

Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review

“…However, poor selectivity and limited applicability to samples with complex matrices remain problematic [24]. Functionalized or polymerfunctionalized carbon nanomaterials [125,126,127] Ionic liquid-mediated SPME coating [128,129] Sol-gel derived polymeric ionic liquid-based SPME coatings [130,131] Sol-gel ordered mesoporous silica SPME coating [132,133] Sol-gel coating on metal wires [134,135] Sol-gel molecularly imprinted polymer coatings [113,136] Aptamer Sol-gel SPME [137] Nanomaterials [138,139] Immunoaffinity SPME [140] Molecularly imprinted polymers [141,142] Substrate-bonded ionic liquid coatings [143] Substrate-bonded polymeric ionic liquid coatings [144] Electrodeposition Electropolymerized conductive polymers [88,[145][146][147] Electropolymerized conductive polymers nanocomposite [148,149] Conductive polymer-ionic liquid composites [150,151] Metal oxides [152,153] Anodized metal wires Metal oxides […”

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

“…The column, injector and detector temperature were set at 140°C to 270°C, 250°C, 300°C, respectively and detection was using NPD [179]. Other GC methods for the quantification of AMP and MPH in human biological samples [180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188] are reported in Table 3.…”

Capacitive sensing of N-formylamphetamine based on immobilized molecular imprinted polymers

“…For synthesis of the MIPs towards N-FA (N-formylamphetamine, an intermediate in the production of amphetamine by the Leukart reaction) three approaches, based on the use of different monomers, cross linkers and polymerization techniques were compared (Table 1). The first technique was based on the modified procedure described by Djozan (Djozan et al 2012) (MIPs1) and implemented MAA as functional monomer and EGDMA as cross-linker. First, 50 μmol of N-FA were dissolved in 100μL of methanol, then subsequently diluted in 10 mL of ACN.…”

“…When scanning was completed, as one of the most commonly used monomers. It was reported as appropriate for MIPs toward amphetamine, which is a structural analog of N-FA (Djozan et al 2012). After investigation of monomertemplate interactions the decision to change functional monomer was taken.…”