Determination of morphine and codeine in plasma by HPLC following solid phase extraction

Freiermuth, Michel; Plasse, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(96)01911-5

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The area of largest difficulty is often the sample pretreatment step. Several methods have been developed for the detection and determination of morphine and its major metabolites including chromatography [3][4][5][6] and fluorescence methods [7,8]. However, electroanalytical methods have attracted more attention in recent years for pharmaceuticals determination due to their sensitivity, accuracy, lower cost, and their simplicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ionic liquid-type multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode for electrochemical investigation and determination of morphine

Ensafi

Rezaei

Krimi-Maleh

2011

Ionics

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The direct electrochemistry of morphine on modified multiwall carbon nanotubes using carbon ionic liquid (i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate, ([C4mim]-[PF6])) was studied. It was found that the electrode showed sensitive voltammetric response to morphine. The experimental results suggested that the modified electrode promoted electron transfer reaction for the oxidation of morphine. The electron transfer coefficient and charge transfer resistant (R ct ) of morphine at the modified electrode were calculated. Under the optimized conditions at pH 8.0, the peak current was linear to morphine concentrations over the concentration range of 0.45-450 μmol L −1 , using differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit was 0.14 μmol L −1 . The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of morphine in both ampoules and urine samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ionic liquid-type multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode for electrochemical investigation and determination of morphine

Ensafi

Rezaei

Krimi-Maleh

2011

Ionics

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“…HPLC with UV detection is a common analytical method for these drugs in biological samples. However, many reports describe the need for multiple extractions and complex chromatographic systems to ensure reproducibility and resolution [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Recently, a method employing HPLC combined with electro spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) for low level quantitation of MOR, M3G and M6G has been described [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between plasma concentrations of morphine and its metabolites and pain in cancer patients

et al. 2010

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“…Modern analytical methods generally associate chromatographic and spectrometric techniques [5,7,11,12]. In this research cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the simultaneous electrochemical response of morphine and codeine.…”

Section: Analytical Performance Of the Mwcnts Modified Preheated Glasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been developed for the detection and determination of morphine and its major metabolites. The most common analytical techniques currently used are gas chromatography -mass spectrometry [3,4], solid phase extraction -high performance liquid chromatography [5,7], liquid chromatography with UV [8], fluorescence [9] and mass spectrometry detection [10,11], capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry [12], laser induced fluorescence detection [13] and surface plasmon resonance based immunosensors [14,15]. The use of HPLC with electrochemical detection was recommended for the determination of morphine in biological fluids for its high sensitivity [16 -23].The use of bare unmodified electrodes as an electrochemical sensors for morphine and its derivatives detection has a number of limitations such as low sensitivity and reproducibility, slow electron transfer reactions, low stability over a wide range of solution compositions and high overpotential at which the electron transfer process occurs and some of them are not sensitive enough for real sample analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Detection of Morphine at Preheated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

2005

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A highly sensitive and fast responding sensor for the determination of morphine is described. The multiwall carbon nanotubes immobilize on preheated glassy carbon electrode (5 min at 50 8C) by gently rubbing of electrode surface on a filter paper supporting the carbon nanotubes.The results indicated that carbon nanotubes(CNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation for morphine with relatively high sensitivity, stability and long life. Under conditions of cyclic voltammetry, the potential for oxidation of morphine is lowered by approximately 100 mV and the current is enhanced significantly (10 times) in comparison to the bare glassy carbon electrode at wide pH range (2 -9). The electrocatalytic behavior is further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for morphine determination by hydrodynamic amperometry. Under the optimized conditions the calibration plots are linear in the concentration range 0.5 -150 mM with the calculated detection limit (S/N ¼ 3) of 0.2 mM and sensitivity of 10 nA/mM and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.5% (n ¼ 10). The amperometric response is extremely stable, with no loss in sensitivity over a continual 30 min operation. Such attractive ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified GC electrode, suggests great promise for a morphine amperometric sensor. Finally the ability of the modified electrode was evaluated for simultaneous determination of morphine and codeine.

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Determination of morphine and codeine in plasma by HPLC following solid phase extraction

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

An ionic liquid-type multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode for electrochemical investigation and determination of morphine

An ionic liquid-type multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode for electrochemical investigation and determination of morphine

Relationship between plasma concentrations of morphine and its metabolites and pain in cancer patients

Amperometric Detection of Morphine at Preheated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

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