Determination of Odor Detection Threshold in the Gottingen Minipig

Søndergaard, Lene Vammen; Holm, Ida E.; Herskin, Mette S.; Dagnæs‐Hansen, Frederik; Johansen, M.; Jørgensen, Arne Lund; Ladewig, Jan

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjq076

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The only study of greater significance was carried out using Göttingen minipigs (Sus scrofa domestica). The ODTs for ethyl acetate and ethanol were determined as a concentration as low as 5 ppm (Sondergaard et al 2010), which is far from the lowest ODT reported in other mammalian species, but it is important to point out the inconsistencies in methodology. As experiments in these species are still in their infancy, they are focused on the ability of determination, in contrast with olfactory threshold experiments in primates, dogs, or rodents.…”

Section: Other Mammalian Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Olfactory Sensitivity in Mammalian Species

Wackermannová

Pinc²,

Jebavý³

2016

Physiol Res

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Olfaction enables most mammalian species to detect and discriminate vast numbers of chemical structures called odorants and pheromones. The perception of such chemical compounds is mediated via two major olfactory systems, the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, as well as minor systems, such as the septal organ and the Grueneberg ganglion. Distinct differences exist not only among species but also among individuals in terms of their olfactory sensitivity; however, little is known about the mechanisms that determine these differences. In research on the olfactory sensitivity of mammals, scientists thus depend in most cases on behavioral testing. In this article, we reviewed scientific studies performed on various mammalian species using different methodologies and target chemical substances. Human and non-human primates as well as rodents and dogs are the most frequently studied species. Olfactory threshold studies on other species do not exist with the exception of domestic pigs. Olfactory testing performed on seals, elephants, and bats focused more on discriminative abilities than on sensitivity. An overview of olfactory sensitivity studies as well as olfactory detection ability in most studied mammalian species is presented here, focusing on comparable olfactory detection thresholds. The basics of olfactory perception and olfactory sensitivity factors are also described.

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Section: Other Mammalian Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Olfactory Sensitivity in Mammalian Species

Wackermannová

Pinc²,

Jebavý³

2016

Physiol Res

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“…6), and some Ungulate species are legendary for their olfactory abilities [Keller and Lévy, 2012], but only a few studies have actually measured their olfactory sensitivity. One strain of pigs surpassed the olfactory sensitivity of Primates and rats for 1 odorant (alcohol) but not another (ethyl acetate) [Søndergaard et al, 2010]. So it is not clear if the somewhat DOI: 10.1159/000509579 larger cVF of the piriform area in Ungulates results in greater olfactory sensitivity.…”

Section: Piriform Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Volume Fractions in Mammals in Relation to Behavior in Carnivores, Primates, Ungulates, and Rodents

et al. 2020

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The volume fraction (VF) of a given brain region, or the proper mass, ought to reflect the importance of that region in the life of a given species. This study sought to examine the VF of various brain regions across 61 different species of mammals to discern if there were regularities or differences among mammalian orders. We examined the brains of carnivores (n = 17), ungulates (n = 8), rodents (n = 7), primates (n = 11), and other mammals (n = 18) from the online collections at the National Museum of Health and Medicine. We measured and obtained the VF of several brain regions: the striatum, thalamus, neocortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and piriform area. We refined our analyses by using phylogenetic size correction, yielding the corrected (c)VF. Our groups showed marked differences in gross brain architecture. Primates and carnivores were divergent in some measures, particularly the cVF of the striatum, even though their overall brain size range was roughly the same. Rodents predictably had relatively large cVFs of subcortical structures due to the fact that their neocortical cVF was smaller, particularly when compared to primates. Not so predictably, rodents had the largest cerebellar cVF, and there were marked discrepancies in cerebellar data across groups. Ungulates had a larger piriform area than primates, perhaps due to their olfactory processing abilities. We provide interpretations of our results in the light of the comparative behavioral and neuroanatomical literature.

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“…The domestic miniature pig represents an attractive alternative even though similar studies of ageing pigs have not been published and it is not known if, or at what age, AD‐like pathology might develop. Validated behavioural tests are well established for disease‐associated mental changes , as are imaging procedures , and it is relatively simple, during sedation, to tap from the cisterna magna a few millilitres of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . The identity between human and porcine APP is very high, with identical secretase cleavage sites, and the porcine brain is capable of increased production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 identical to the human fragments .…”

Section: Current Genetically Modified Pig Models For Human Ndsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified pig models for neurodegenerative disorders

Holm

Alstrup

Luo

2015

The Journal of Pathology

100

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Increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease has become one of the most challenging health issues in ageing humans. One approach to combat this is to generate genetically modified animal models of neurodegenerative disorders for studying pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Owing to the genetic, anatomic, physiologic, pathologic, and neurologic similarities between pigs and humans, genetically modified pig models of neurodegenerative disorders have been attractive large animal models to bridge the gap of preclinical investigations between rodents and humans. In this review, we provide a neuroanatomical overview in pigs and summarize and discuss the generation of genetically modified pig models of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's diseases, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, and ataxia-telangiectasia. We also highlight how non-invasive bioimaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET), computer tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and behavioural testing have been applied to characterize neurodegenerative pig models. We further propose a multiplex genome editing and preterm recloning (MAP) approach by using the rapid growth of the ground-breaking precision genome editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). With this approach, we hope to shorten the temporal requirement in generating multiple transgenic pigs, increase the survival rate of founder pigs, and generate genetically modified pigs that will more closely resemble the disease-causing mutations and recapitulate pathological features of human conditions.

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Determination of Odor Detection Threshold in the Gottingen Minipig

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Olfactory Sensitivity in Mammalian Species

Olfactory Sensitivity in Mammalian Species

Brain Volume Fractions in Mammals in Relation to Behavior in Carnivores, Primates, Ungulates, and Rodents

Genetically modified pig models for neurodegenerative disorders

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