Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in Packaging Materials and Textiles Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A simultaneous determination method of trace amounts of perfluorinated compounds, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in packaging materials and textiles, has been developed, using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The perfluorinated compounds were primarily extracted from the samples by a PLE procedure, in which the parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. The solvent was then removed by blowing nitrogen and a silylation step was carried out with N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The silylated compounds were identified and quantified by GC/MS. The proposed method was applied to determine the PFOA and PFOS in polytetrafluoroethylene packaging materials and textiles, where the detection limits of the two compounds were 1.6 and 13.9 ng mL -1 , respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in the packaging materials and textiles ranged from 17.5 to 45.9 and 33.7 to 81.3 ng g -1 , respectively.

Determination of Selected Perfluorinated Acids (PFCAs) and Perfluorinated Sulfonates (PFASs) in Food Contact Materials Using LC‐MS/MS

“…In this paper, we present a simple method using methanol as extraction solvent combined to LC–MS/MS for the determination of PFCs in food contact materials. In the available literature, we can find the method based on sonication with water, ethanol, 50/50 ethanol/water and methanol shaking with methanol and ethyl acetate; and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with acethonitrile, methanol or saliva stimulant and liquid or gas (after derivatization) chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. In contrast to other reported studies proposed by us, extraction method is simple, not time consuming and efficient.…”

Direct Assembly of Silica Nanospheres on Halloysite Nanotubes for “Green” Ultrahydrophobic Cotton Fabrics

“…[14][15][16][17][18] Several researchers have shown the successful two-step ultrahydrophobic modification of cotton fabrics through fabrication of rough surface using nanoparticles such as SiO 2 , ZnO, and TiO 2 followed by low surface energy chemical treatment using fluoroalkylsilane. [22,23] Longterm exposure to PFOA has been shown to result in high bioaccumulation in human and animal bodies through direct contact This paper presents a sustainable biomimetic approach to create ultrahydrophobic cotton fabrics. These techniques are limited to the use of only certain types of chemicals which makes it difficult to scale up the process to an industrial level.…”

Novel non-targeted analysis of perfluorinated compounds using fluorine-specific detection regardless of their ionisability (HPLC-ICPMS/MS-ESI-MS)

“…Fluorinated organic compounds are widely being used in various applications especially as a surfactant for commercial products such as carpet, textiles, cookware, packaging, personal care products and firefighting foams [1][2][3][4]. Not only the C-F bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry, it is also very persistent in the environment especially perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acid (PFSA).…”