Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Imported Fishes

Abstract

Samples of frozen fish available in Kirkuk markets Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton), Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophtholmus (Sauvage). They collected for the period 1st May 2015o 30th January 2016 at weights average between 650-1250 g. The results showed many of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hydrocarbons compounds; Rainbow trout contained seven and nine of hydrocarbons compounds in the extracts of hexane and ethanol respectively, among them, there were five carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the ethanol extract and three in the hexane, their values ranged between 0.234-19.707 and 0.419-2.972 ng.g-1 dry weight respectively. Numbers of the hydrocarbons ranged between 4-6 in other fish species. This may due to the differences of nature of feeding among the fish species and the differences in their fat content. In Shad fish, the results have recorded one carcinogenic compound in the ethanol and five in the hexane, the concentration of Benzo (a) pyrene reached 24.23 ng.g-1 dry weight which is the most dangerous component among carcinogenic compound. Mackerel containsive compounds of hydrocarbons in the hexane; Four of them belong to the non-carcinogenic group and sixn ethanol, ive of them are non- carcinogenic. This study showed that differences in the numbers and concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the studied fish. This is due to several reasons such as occurrences of fish near to the sources of hydrocarbons pollution the nature of fish feeding and living.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Pyrazoline Derivatives Containing Azo Group by One Pot Method

“…The 2-hydroxy-5-(m-tolyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde was treated with 4-chlorobenzylchloride in anhydrous K 2 CO 3 to afforded compound (1), which was treatment with substituted acetophenone and phenylhydrazine in ethanol in basic medium by the one pot method to give new pyrazoline derivatives, as shown in Scheme (1). The formations of the pyrazolines (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and 13 C-DEPT-135.…”

“…Pyrazolines are the heterocyclic that have high biologic efficacy against many bacteria [5] and fungi [6]. The pyrazoline derivatives were prepared using an azo-dye containing the aldehyde carbonyl group [7] that treated with a series of acetophenone derivatives under the Claisen-Schmit condensation reaction [8][9][10], to give the corresponding chalcones derivatives, which treated at the same time with phenylhydrazine in a base medium via Michael's reaction [11][12][13] to obtain the new derivatives of pyrazoline, as shown in Scheme (1).…”

Using Toxic Equivalent Quotients (TEQs) to Evaluate the Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds in Soil at Basrah Governorate, Iraq

“…PAHs compounds composed of two or more aromatic rings (Al-Imarah et al, 2017). With increasing number of benzene rings, the molecular weight increases, hence decreases their volatility and biodegradability, whereas increases their toxicity (Al-Rudaini et al, 2019;Abass et al, 2019). Most of high molecular weight PAHs are carcinogenic and mutagenic, while the lowest molecular weight PAHs are severely toxic but non-carcinogenic to many organisms (Laane et al 2006;Karlsson & Viklander 2008).…”