Determination of protein loading in biodegradable polymer microspheres containing tetanus toxoid

Gupta, Rajesh K.; Chang, An; Griffin, Paul; Rivera, Rachel; Guo, Yu Yi; Siber, George R.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00233-2

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One milliliter of DMSO was added to the tubes and vortexed to completely dissolve the microspheres [32]. The concentration of AG1478 in the microspheres was determined using a SpectraMax M5 ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) at 330 nm [33].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New platform for controlled and sustained delivery of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

Robinson¹,

Bertram²,

Reiter³

et al. 2010

Journal of Microencapsulation

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Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to reduce tumor growth and metastases and promote axon regeneration in the central nervous system. Current strategies for inhibiting EGFR include the administration of reversible or irreversible small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, to be effective in vivo constant and sustained delivery is required. This study explored the feasibility of encapsulating the tyrphostin 4-(3-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (AG1478) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres to achieve sustained delivery of the TKI. We characterized microspheres prepared using three different emulsion methods: solid-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-water, and oil-in-water with co-solvent. Addition of a co-solvent increased the loading and release of AG1478, and significantly (P<0.001) decreased the size of the microspheres which facilitates administration of the spheres. On average, sustained delivery of AG1478 from microspheres was achieved for six months. However, the addition of a co-solvent prolonged release for over nine months (266 days). In addition, AG1478 retained its bioactivity upon delivery, and inhibited EGFR in both immortalized rat fibroblasts and in EGFR-amplified human carcinoma cells. These results demonstrate that AG1478 can be encapsulated in PLGA and retain bioactivity; thereby providing a new platform for controlled administration of EGFR TKIs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New platform for controlled and sustained delivery of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

Robinson¹,

Bertram²,

Reiter³

et al. 2010

Journal of Microencapsulation

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show abstract

“…It is also applied to the samples which have a higher percentage of carbohydrates as in the case of foods and formulation of pharmaceutical solutions which have higher percentage of monosaccharides. The major disadvantage of this method is that serine, threonine, arginine and cysteine are destroyed and all other amino acids are racemized [123].…”

Section: Alkaline Hydrolysis Of Fish Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Processing Wastes as a Potential Source of Proteins, Amino Acids and Oils: A Critical Review

Brooks¹

2013

Microb Biochem Technol

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The fish processing industry is a major exporter of seafood and marine products in many countries. About 70% of the fish is processed before final sale. Processing of fish involves stunning, grading, slime removal, deheading, washing, scaling, gutting, cutting of fins, meat bone separation and steaks and fillets. During these steps significant amount of waste (20-80% depending upon the level of processing and type of fish) is generated which can be utilized as fish silage, fishmeal and fish sauce. Fish waste can also be used for production of various value added products such as proteins, oil, amino acids, minerals, enzymes, bioactive peptides, collagen and gelatin. The fish proteins are found in all parts of the fish. There are three types of proteins in fish: structural proteins, sacroplasmic proteins and connective tissue proteins. The fish proteins can be extracted by chemical and enzymatic process. In the chemical method, salts (NaCl and LiCl) and solvents (isopropanol and aezotropic isopropanol) are used, whereas during the enzymatic extraction, enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protex, protemax and flavorzyme) are used to extract proteins from fish. These fish proteins can be used as a functional ingredient in many food items because of their properties (water holding capacity, oil absorption, gelling activity, foaming capacity and emulsifying properties). They can also be used as milk replacers, bakery substitutes, soups and infant formulas. The amino acids are the building blocks of protein. There are 16-18 amino acids present in fish proteins. The amino acids can be produced from fish protein by enzymatic or chemical processes. The enzymatic hydrolysis involves the use of direct protein substrates and enzymes such as alcalase, neutrase, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin. In the chemical hydrolysis process, acid or alkali is used for the breakdown of protein to extract amino acids. The main disadvantage of this method is the complete destruction of tryptophan and cysteine and partial destruction of tyrosine, serine and threonine. The amino acids present in the fish can be utilized in animal feed in the form of fishmeal and sauce or can be used in the production of various pharmaceuticals. The fish oil contains two important polyunsaturated fatty acids called EPA and DHA or otherwise called as omega-3 fatty acids. These omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial bioactivities including prevention of atherosclerosis, protection against maniac-depressive illness and various other medicinal properties. Fish oil can also be converted to non-toxic, biodegradable, environment friendly biodiesel using chemical or enzymatic transesterification.

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“…Measured concentrations were converted into cumulative drug released (M t ) by accounting for PBS volume. Total drug content (M 0 ) was determined by placing microneedles in 1 N NaOH overnight at the end of each experiment to fully degrade remaining PLGA and PLA and thereby release all encapsulated drug (23). The resulting solution was returned to pH 7.4 using HCl before analysis.…”

Section: In Vitro Release Test In Salinementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Microneedles for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery

2006

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Determination of protein loading in biodegradable polymer microspheres containing tetanus toxoid

Cited by 56 publications

References 17 publications

New platform for controlled and sustained delivery of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

New platform for controlled and sustained delivery of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

Fish Processing Wastes as a Potential Source of Proteins, Amino Acids and Oils: A Critical Review

Polymer Microneedles for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery

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