Determination of salivary urea and uric acid of patients with halitosis

Khozeimeh, Faezeh; Torabinia, Nakisa; Shahnaseri, Shirin; Shafaee, Hooman; Mousavi, Seyed Amir

doi:10.4103/1735-3327.211624

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Bad odor and unpleasant taste as frequently reported symptoms may be attributed to increased levels of urea in the blood and also in the saliva, which turn into ammonia by the action of urase-splitting oral organism and exaggerated by xerostomia ( 16 ). Contrary to previous researches that showed removal of urea and other toxin via dialysis results in improved taste function ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal and otorhinological changes in end stage renal patients undergoing hemodialysis

Ezzatt¹,

Hamed²,

Gamil³

2021

J Clin Exp Dent

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Background The study aimed to assess oropharyngeal and otorhinolaryngological changes in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis and correlate the findings to renal functions. Material and Methods This case-control study compared oral and otorhinolaryngological findings in 85 patients with (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis to age and sex matched 85 healthy controls. Frequencies of findings were calculated and compared and correlation between biochemical and the oral health parameters in case group was determined using T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation test (significance were set at P <0.05). Results The frequency of oral signs and mucosal symptoms were significantly higher among ESRD compared to healthy controls. Dry mouth (34.12%), bad odour (32.94%), increased tongue coating (50.59%) and pale mucosa (45.88%) were the most commonly reported. Otorhinolaryngological findings was higher in cases than in controls, with otomycosis (10.59%) and allergic rhinitis (5.88%) being the most frequent findings. Serum creatinine and blood urea mean levels were higher in ESRD patients with oral and otorhinolaryngological findings compared to those without findings. Conclusions Oral and nasal manifestations in patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis were significantly higher in comparison to healthy individuals and were related to their serum creatinine and blood urea mean levels. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, renal dialysis, Oral manifestation, nasal, case control, Egypt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal and otorhinological changes in end stage renal patients undergoing hemodialysis

Ezzatt¹,

Hamed²,

Gamil³

2021

J Clin Exp Dent

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“…Khozeimeh et al . [ 43 ] compared the concentration of urea and uric acid in patients with halitosis and without halitosis and found that salivary urea and uric acid concentrations greater in halitosis group than the control group which may responsible for oral malodor.…”

Section: Literature Review/ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Current Approach to Halitosis and Oral Malodor- A Mini Review

Bıçak¹

2018

TODENTJ

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Background:Halitosis, in other words, oral malodor is an important multifactorial health problem affecting the psychological and social life of individuals and is the most common reason for referral to dentists after dental caries and periodontal diseases.Objective:The objective of this review was to present and discuss conventional and recently introduced information about the types, causes, detection and treatment methods of halitosis.Methods:An expanded literature review was conducted which targeted all articles published in peer-reviewed journals relating to the topic of halitosis. Only articles written in Turkish and English languages were considered. The review itself began with a search of relevant subject headings such as ‘halitosis, oral malodor, volatile sulfur compounds in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Tubitak Ulakbim databases. A hand search of references was also performed.Results:When search results are combined, the total number of relevant literature was found to be 4646 abstracts and 978 full-text articles. Abstracts, editorial letters were not included and about half of full-text articles were not related to dental practice. Among the remaining 124 full-text articles, duplicated articles and articles written other than Turkish and English languages were removed and 54 full-text articles were used for this review.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, both conventional and new methods were introduced in the management of halitosis. However, conventional methods seem to be more effective and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis.Conclusion:As being first line professionals, dentists must analyze and treat oral problems which may be responsible for the patient's malodor, and should inform the patient about halitosis causes and oral hygiene procedures (tooth flossing, tongue cleaning, appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste selection and use) and if the problem persists, they should consult to a medical specialist.

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