Determination of Sediment Profile for &lt;sup&gt;210&lt;/sup&gt;Pb, Pb, U and Th from Sultan Abu Bakar Dam Due to Soil Erosion from Highland Agriculture Area, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Hamzah, Zaini; Riduan, Seh Datul; Saat, Ahmad

doi:10.3844/ajessp.2011.263.268

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The use of fertilizers such as arsenal herbicides in cultivating palm oil, rubber, etc., [34,57], as well as mining of minerals such as tin [37,60] are the contributing factors to increasing the concentration of As and Pb in the river. Similarly, the use of phosphate fertilizer [61] as well as the mining activities and automobile exhausts through direct atmospheric transport and rainfall are the possible reasons for the high Pb concentration in the river [32]. Heavy shipping traffic contributes to the Pb and As pollution [62], whereas steel and metal industries in the basin, especially in the Dengkil area, are the potential sources of high concentration of Al, Pb, Cr, etc., in the river [34,57,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Ahmed

Mokhtar

Lim

et al. 2022

Water

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The shutdown of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, which provides drinking water to almost one-third population in the basin, is very frequent, especially due to chemical pollution in the river. This study explored the pollution sources in the Langat River based on eight specific water intake points of the respective DWTPs to suggest an integrated river basin management (IRBM). Analysis of Al (250.26 ± 189.24 µg/L), As (1.65 ± 0.93 µg/L), Cd (1.22 ± 0.88 µg/L), Cr (0.47 ± 0.27 µg/L), and Pb (9.99 ± 5.38 µg/L) by ICP-MS following the Chelex® 100 column resin ion exchange method found that the mean concentrations except Al were within the water quality standard of the Ministry of Health (MOH) as well as the Dept. of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. However, the determined water quality index based on physicochemical parameters (2005–2015) at the midstream of Langat River was Class III, which needs substantial treatment before drinking. The linear regression model of Al, As, Cd, and Pb suggests that water quality parameters are significantly influencing the increase or decrease in these metal concentrations. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also support the regression models that the sources of pollution are both natural and man-made activities, and these pollution sources can be clustered into two categories, i.e., upstream (category 1) and mid to downstream (category 2) in the Langat River. The degraded water quality in the midstream compared to up and downstream of the river is mainly due to human activities apart from the natural weathering of minerals. Therefore, the implementation of policies should be effective at the local level for pollution management, especially via the proactive leadership roles of local government for this transboundary Langat River to benefit from IRBM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Ahmed

Mokhtar

Lim

et al. 2022

Water

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“…For the characterization of the shards and clay samples, analytical instruments used included X-Ray Diffraction SIEMENS D5000 Diffractometer and XRF Spectrometer Philips Model PW1480. The important of XRD and XRF techniques are shown in various field of research (Ridha et al, 2009;Woon et al, 2009;Abdullah et al, 2011;Hamzah et al, 2011). Samples for XRF analysis then be grinded into very fine powder form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Analysis on Ancient Bricks from <i>Candi Sungai Mas</i> (Site 32/34), Bujang Valley, Kedah

Ramli

Rahman

Jusoh

et al. 2012

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:The significance of Kampung Sungai Mas as an importance archaeology site in Lembah Bujang was revealed in the year 1979 when a cannel was built along Kampung Sungai Mas area. During the construction study of this cannel, thousands of ceramic pieces from India, Middle East, China, Southeast Asia and Europe was discovered, pieces of glasses from Middle East and Europe, stone and glasses beads from Middle East, India and local also pieces and blocks of construction substance from brick and mud stone or slate stone. An inscription also was discovered by one of the villagers when the cannel construction was in progress and this inscription sized estimated 46×23 cm produced from mud stone and relative estimation based on Pallawa script on the stone and can be dated around 56th century AD. Scientific study done onto Candi Sungai Mas (Site32/34) ancient brick was prominent for archaeology data because since the very beginning, archeologist who was doing research in Kampung Sungai Mas questioned whether the brick discovered was produced by the local society or brought from other area. Approach: Technique used was X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) can determine the major and trace elements of the bricks whilst XRay Diffraction (XRD) can determine the mineral content of the bricks. Results: Compositional analysis on Candi Sungai Mas (Site 32/34) showed that open firing technique was used to burnt the bricks and that there were two different raw sources used to produce the brick at Kampung Sungai Mas. The raw material used for making the bricks were taken from Bujang River and Muda River basin. Conclusion: It can be concluded here that the protohistory society at Kampung Sungai Mas especially Malay society has succeeded to conquer knowledge and technology on making the brick and showed that we have developed long ago.

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“…For instance, researchers from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia examined the advantages and disadvantages of using river sediment for agriculture in their respective countries [ 29 ]. Similarly, Malaysian researchers conducted a study to determine the sediment profile of 210 Pb, Pb, U, and Th in the Sultan Abu Bakar Dam, with such contamination being the result of soil erosion in the highland agricultural region of the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Kawichai,

Prapamontol,

Santijitpakdee

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Heavy metals are significant environmental pollutants that are recognized as posing a potential health hazard to human beings. We investigated the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface sediments collected from the Mae Chaem River in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the dry season in 2021. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were, in decreasing order, Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The mean values of As, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined to be 32.5 ± 18.3, 0.33 ± 0.07, 45.8 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 7.42 mg Kg−1, respectively. These levels are higher than their standard levels in Thailand, namely 10.0, 0.16, 45.5, and 21.5 mg Kg−1, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the primary origins of heavy metal contamination are predominantly attributed to residential settlements and agricultural areas. The hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate the non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to heavy-metal-bound surface sediments for both children and adults. The results showed that the HQ values for both groups were less than 1.0 (HQ < 1.0), indicating no risk. Moreover, assessment of the long-term risk for ingestion of toxic metals indicated no risk (<10−6) based on the lifetime cancer risk (LCR). However, the LCR values of As and Cr were 5.3 × 10−6 and 2.5 × 10−6, respectively, demonstrating the most elevated LCR among the hazardous metals in terms of children’s exposure. Therefore, it is possible that children living in agricultural areas and participating in activities around the study area may be exposed to elevated concentrations of As and Cr.

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Determination of Sediment Profile for <sup>210</sup>Pb, Pb, U and Th from Sultan Abu Bakar Dam Due to Soil Erosion from Highland Agriculture Area, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Compositional Analysis on Ancient Bricks from <i>Candi Sungai Mas</i> (Site 32/34), Bujang Valley, Kedah

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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