Determination of the Normal Range of Exophthalmometric Values for Black and White Adults

Migliori, Michael E.; Gladstone, Geoffrey J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90127-2

Cited by 147 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The clinical significance is that an Asian patient with exophthalmometric reading within the upper normal limit of Caucasian measurements may consider advanced study to exclude TAO or other cause of exophthalmos. Sex difference does exist in some studies, especially in black and white Americans, 3,4 but not in our study. The distance between lateral orbital rims in the present study (106.4574.12 mm in male; 105.3174.36 mm in female) was greater than those of Caucasian (98.3973.86 mm in male; 95.4173.83 mm in Figure 1 Distribution of eyeball protrusion for GD patients and normal subjects Figure 2 Distribution of asymmetry of protrusion for GD patients and normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Establishing a range of normal values is important in diagnosing and managing orbital abnormalities related to eyeball protrusion. In comparison with previous studies of normal subjects among different populations, the normal exophthalmos value for the Chinese in Taiwan obtained from our study seemed to be lower than that of both black and white people in the United States, [3][4][5][6] Danish, 1,2 and Mexican; 17 but is close to that of Indian, 18 Korean, 19 and Japan. 20 If the upper normal limit was defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean, the upper limit of normal Chinese in our study was 18.6 mm, which was lower than 21 mm that has traditionally been considered for Caucasians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The mean values of asymmetry for normal subjects among different population groups are between 0.35 and 0.56 mm. 4,5 Soroudi et al 24 found that 9% patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy had asymmetric proptosis with a difference of X2 mm. Our study also showed that 6.7% patients with GD had asymmetric exophthalmos 42 mm, and 11.0% X2 mm, compared with 0% and 1.9% in normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos. The differences in normal or Graves' disease (GD) exophthalmos for both black and white populations have been well described, [1][2][3][4][5][6] but the ethnic difference especially in the Chinese has rarely been recognized in English literature. In this study, we compare the exophthalmos of GD adult patients with those of normal subjects among the Chinese of Taiwan, and also review the published papers to compare such ophthalmic differences between various racial and ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exophthalmos of patients with Graves' disease in Chinese of Taiwan

Tsai

Kau²,

Kao

et al. 2005

Eye

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Purpose To determine the exophthalmos measurements in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and to compare with those of normal subjects among the Chinese of Taiwan. Methods Hertel's exophthalmometry were performed in 163 consecutive adult GD patients and 419 normal subjects. The values of exophthalmos, asymmetry, and the distance between lateral orbital rims (base) were evaluated. Results There was a significant difference between GD and normal adults for exophthalmos and asymmetry, with GD patients demonstrating a mean exophthalmos of 18.32 mm and asymmetry of 0.93 mm as compared with 13.91 and 0.55 mm for normal subjects (Po0.001). The mean value of base for GD adults (106.52 mm) is slightly greater than normal subjects (105.82 mm). There was no gender difference in exophthalmometric value or asymmetry in each group. A total of 79 (48.5%) GD patients had exophthalmos greater than the upper limit of normal Chinese in Taiwan (18.6 mm). Asymmetry over 2 mm was observed in 11 (6.7%) patients with GD but in none of the normal subjects. Conclusions GD patients have significant exophthalmos and asymmetry compared to normal subjects. In comparison with previous studies, exophthalmos values for Chinese in Taiwan tend to be lower than those of Caucasians and black-American people, but are close to those of Korean, Japanese, Iranian, Indian, and Asian-American people. Adequate adjustment of normal and abnormal values of exophthalmos according to individual differences is important for the diagnosis of orbital morbidity and management of thyroid associated orbitopathy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exophthalmos of patients with Graves' disease in Chinese of Taiwan

Tsai

Kau²,

Kao

et al. 2005

Eye

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“…O aparelho mede também a distância entre as rimas orbitárias laterais. (13) O erro nas medidas ocorre principalmente pelo mal posicionamento das plataformas (14) , que pode ser minimizado estabelecendo a distância da base obtida nas consultas anteriores (13) . Um erro na medida da base resulta em diferença na exoftalmometria.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Valores da exoftalmometria média na população adulta da região do Grande ABC, São Paulo/Brasil

Moysés

Lucci

Júnior

et al. 2010

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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RESUMOObjetivo: Estabelecer padrões de normalidade dos valores da exoftalmometria de ambos os olhos e da distância entre os rebordos orbitários laterais (base) em adultos jovens da população do Grande ABC São Paulo/Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se a exoftalmometria com o exoftalmômetro de Hertel, em 129 pacientes do sexo feminino e 75 do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 25 a 55 anos. Os pacientes foram separados em três grupos raciais (brancos, negros e pardos). Resultados: A variação da exoftalmometria encontrada na população em estudo foi de 10 a 23mm, média de 15,57 ±2,43mm. No sexo feminino a média foi de 15,42 ±2,40mm e no masculino, 15,83 ±2,47mm. Não se encontrou uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos feminino e masculino (p=0,25). Na raça branca a média foi de 15,57 ±2,46mm, na negra foi de 16,20 ±2,70mm e na parda foi de 15,02 ±2,01mm. A diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,008) entre as raças negra e parda. A medida da base variou de 104 a 125mm (média de 113,91 ±4,37mm). A diferença entre homens e mulheres foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). Na raça branca a média da base encontrada foi de 112,18 ±4,02mm, na negra foi de 115,37 ±4,71mm e na parda, 115,18 ±3,66mm. A diferença da média da base foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre as raças branca e negra e branca e parda. Nenhum paciente apresentou assimetria entre os dois olhos maior que 2mm. Conclusão: O padrão de normalidade da exoftalmometria encontrado para a população em estudo foi de 10 a 23mm e a base variou de 104 a 125mm.

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