“…It is oen employed to separate and concentrate micron-sized and low concentration particles from uids with microscopic pore (0.1-10 micrometer) membrane lters via the interactions, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding, between the analyte molecules and the lter matrix. [16][17][18] Unlike most of the research, our group [19][20][21] simpli-ed the detection process by omitting the elution step and directly measuring the diffuse reectance spectrum of the membrane lter concentrated analytes, i.e. on-line spectroscopic determination.…”