Determining biomass chemical exergy using a novel hybrid intelligent approach to promote biomass-based biorefineries

Characterization and kinetic modeling for pyrolytic conversion of cotton stalks

“…Figure 5B 27 Furthermore, Yao et al reported an average activation energy of 169.9 kJ•mol −1 using the FWO method. 26 The reason behind such deviations may be due to the fact that the TGA experiments were carried out at very low heating rates (0.5, 1, and 2°C•min −1 ) in this study as compared to those utilized by Gupta et al (5,10,15,20, and 30°C•min −1 ), Chen et al (15,25,35,45, and 55°C•min −1 ), as well as Yao et al (2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15°C•min −1 ), allowing for a larger dataset. Another explanation regarding the deviation in results can be related to the inherent characteristics of the cotton stalks used for analysis.…”

“…Soft computingbased models, in addition to mathematical models, have been widely used to predict the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. Aghbashlo et al 19,20 recently used advanced soft computing methods to model biomass pyrolysis kinetics.…”

The sustainability of phytomass-derived materials: thermodynamical aspects, life cycle analysis and research perspectives

“…This type of study can help to identify the most exergy deficient organs of the biorefinery to improve its global efficiency. 85,96 The example of a sugarcane mill producing simultaneously lactic acid, steam and electricity was investigated; in this case, a steam boiler was the most deleterious to exergy because the fast thermochemical reactions occurring within the boiler were a source of irreversibility. 85 In another study, a whole-crop safflower biorefinery was studied and the exergetic efficiency of the process leading to ethanol and biodiesel production was found to reach ∼73%.…”

“…This type of study can help to identify the most exergy deficient organs of the biorefinery to improve its global efficiency. 85,96 The example of a sugarcane mill producing simultaneously lactic § For the sake of simplicity, this functional definition omits potential exergy sources, such as kinetic exergy, electro-magnetic or gravitational potential exergies. This definition is largely operational since it can safely be assumed that all the transformations of relevance for us occur on Earth at constant altitude, at zero velocity relative to the planet and in the absence of a strong electro-magnetic field.…”

Exergetic Analysis of the nCO2PP Cycle with Particular Reference to the Exergy Destruction of Sewage Sludge Due to Gasification

“…It is worth noting that the effect of CO2 in the air is also beginning to play an increasingly important role in exergy analyses, while the issue of determining the chemical exergy of individual elements still lacks a sufficiently reliable physical basis, and most scholars rely on Szargut [7] in this area. The situation is even more complicated when determining the chemical exergy of different types of biomass [8]. First of all, there is a lack of a clear chemical and physical foundation to move from wellestablished methods to determine the composition of the ultimate and proximate type to the exergy, because here, entropy relating to the atomic level plays a role [9].…”