Determining Drug Dispensing Costs for Use in Cost-accounting Systems

Thielke, Thomas S.; Charlson, Jeffrey T.; Heckethorn, Dale

doi:10.1093/ajhp/45.4.844

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Time-and-motion studies and the data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) were used to derive labor cost estimates. 24–26 The cost of benefits as a percentage (29.8%) of total compensation was added to the median hourly wage. 27 Based on the 2005 BLS data, it was estimated that the median hourly wages were $57.51 for pharmacists, $12.07 for pharmacy technicians, and $34.92 for registered nurses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rate and Costs Attributable to Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Errors

et al. 2009

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Purpose To estimate the rates and costs of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) errors from the hospital or integrated health system perspective. Methods This study used a cost-accounting methodology to estimate the costs attributable to IV PCA errors in the United States. Data for the study were obtained from the MEDMARX and Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) datasets, published literature, and expert opinions. MEDMARX is a voluntary, anonymous, medication-error-reporting database owned and operated by the United States Pharmacopeia. MAUDE is a mandatory, device-error-reporting database maintained by the US Food and Drug Administration. Levels of care rendered as a result of the IV PCA errors were estimated by applying clinical assumptions (validated by an expert advisory panel) to each of the 7 error consequences considered in this analysis. Variable and opportunity costs (2006 values) were considered, including medication, laboratory, lost revenue, and labor. The corresponding costs were applied to the error consequences to derive the estimated mean cost for each error cause. The numbers of errors documented in each dataset and the published literature were used to extrapolate the rate of IV PCA errors annually. Results The average cost per error event was $733 in the MEDMARX dataset and $552 in the MAUDE dataset. Harmful IV PCA errors were 120 to 250 times more costly than nonharmful errors. The annual error rates were estimated as 407 IV PCA-related errors and 17 device-related errors per 10,000 people within the United States. Conclusion: Analysis of 2 datasets, MEDMARX and MAUDE, revealed that IV PCA medication- and device-related errors are costly to hospitals and integrated health systems and represent a significant burden on the US health system. This study provided a novel approach to estimating the associated costs of undesired IV PCA-related events. Additional research is needed to validate the methodology (as applied to this area) and results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rate and Costs Attributable to Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Errors

et al. 2009

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“…Although each of their MIC values increased 4-fold, they were still well within the range of susceptible with the highest being 0.25 mg/L. Two of these subjects’ microbiological and clinical outcomes were considered “indeterminate” at the test-of-cure visit whereas 1 was considered a clinical failure [ 91 ]. The expanded-access, compassionate use program of cefiderocol for serious gram-negative infections without alternative therapy enrolled 3 patients with S maltophilia infections as of October 2019.…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Resistance for a More Rational Therapeutic Approach

Kullar¹,

Wenzler

Alexander

et al. 2022

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an underappreciated source of morbidity and mortality among Gram-negative pathogens. Effective treatment options with acceptable toxicity profiles are limited. Phenotypic susceptibility testing via commercial automated test systems is problematic and no FDA breakpoints are approved for any of the first-line treatment options for S. maltophilia. The lack of modern pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic data for many agents impedes dose optimization and the lack of robust efficacy and safety data limits their clinical utility. Levofloxacin has demonstrated similar efficacy to SMX-TMP, although rapid development of resistance is a concern. Minocycline demonstrates the highest rate of in vitro susceptibility, however, evidence to support its clinical use are scant. Novel agents such as cefiderocol have exhibited promising activity in pre-clinical investigations, though additional outcomes data are needed to determine its place in therapy for S. maltophilia. Combination therapy is often employed despite the dearth of adequate supporting data.

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“…The pharmacy service 1985 emphasized various services such as inpatient and outpatient pharmacy and financial services. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Despite the financial services discussed in the early 1990s, the detail focused on later was missed. [1][2][3]7 The justification for not being included during recent years was not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Despite the financial services discussed in the early 1990s, the detail focused on later was missed. [1][2][3]7 The justification for not being included during recent years was not clear. Clinical pharmacy services started very small but expanded dramatically during those days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and other works of literature. [1][2][3][4][5]7,36,37,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] The task force team of accounting in the pharmacy services formulated consisted of the author's expertise in pharmacy administration and accoutered practitioner. The committee unitized and drove the international and local literature from the accounting organization's guidelines and experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial Management System in Pharmacy Practice: A New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia

Alomi,

Alohlie,

Alashban

et al. 2023

PTB Reports

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Objectives: Financial pharmacy operations are integral in pharmacy management. It is necessary for strategic planning and aligns with Saudi Vision 2030. This theme aims to illustrate financial services in pharmacy operations as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Local and international accounting and finance organizations are driving this new project. It has been developed based on global business models, guidelines for pharmacy projects, and new guidelines for project operators. A project management expert designs this initiative. This effort will consist of several phases, from the initial stage through the planning, execution, monitoring, and control phases. Results: A pharmacy operation has a clear vision, mission, and financial goals. This service has many benefits, including increased profitability, effective financial management, and better patient care. In addition, a description of the risk management model ensures project continuity. We also discussed monitoring and controlling services. Finally, the analysis considers the transition to a production project up to the project's final phase. Conclusion: Pharmacy Operations Finance is a new initiative that should be part of the Saudi Vision 2030 Pharmacy Strategic Plan. Pharmacy finance requires a clear vision, guidelines, and longterm partnerships with financial institutions. In addition, financial aspects in pharmacy operations are critical to developing a proper pharmacist career plan focused on patient care, optimal profitability, and effective financial management.

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Determining Drug Dispensing Costs for Use in Cost-accounting Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The Rate and Costs Attributable to Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Errors

The Rate and Costs Attributable to Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Errors

Overcoming Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Resistance for a More Rational Therapeutic Approach

Financial Management System in Pharmacy Practice: A New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia

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