Determining Light Dose for Photodynamic Therapy of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Yucatan Miniswine

Abstract

A Photofrin dose of 2.5 mg/kg and 120 J/cm2 light are necessary for adequate ablation of atheroma while avoiding extensive medial damage.

Photodynamic Therapy for Experimental Tumors Using ATX‐S10(Na), a Hydrophilic Chlorin Photosensitizer, and Diode Laser

“…PDT has also been developed as a treatment for non-cancerous diseases, including ophthalmic disorders, such as choroidal neovascularization, 2,3) and cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis. 4,5) Porfimer sodium is the only commercially available photosensitizer applied to the treatment of superficial lung, esophageal, gastric and cervix cancer with combined use of an excimer dye laser. 6,7) Although the combination of porfimer sodium and excimer dye laser shows an excellent anti-tumor effect on these tumors, hyperphotosensitivity of skin induced by porfimer sodium forces patients to stay in the dark for 4 weeks after PDT.…”

Compositional and thermal characterization of genuine and randomized lard: A comparative study

“…Laboratory animal model studies have demonstrated that the fatty acid composition in lipids is the determining factor in nutrient transport, risk for intestinal diseases, and colon tumors (1,2). Diets rich in lard are known to cause hypercholesterolemia, aortic lesions, aortoiliac atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and multiple sclerosis (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Lard is also associated with the risk of breast, pancreas, and colon cancer (2,(8)(9)(10)(11), and appears to act both at initiation and during promotion of carcinogenesis (12).…”

Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of atherosclerotic plaque: Lost in translation?

“…Hematoporphyrin derivative‐associated PDT inhibits smooth muscle cell growth and decreases intima/media ratio of rabbit atheroma 7 days (0.33) or 14 days (0.72) post‐PDT as compared with controls (2.27) . Photofrin, derived from hematoporphyrin derivative, exhibited similar trends in preclinical studies; however, cutaneous photosensitivity in human subjects and inadequate penetration of the 630‐nm light through the endoluminal blood are major drawbacks. Therefore, other photosensitizers namely verteporfin, phthalocyanine derivatives, namely copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, chloroaluminum‐sulfonated phthalocyanine and aluminum‐disulfonated phthalocyanine, and talaporfin sodium were developed and tested for atherosclerosis/restenosis.…”

“…“In vivo” studies have been carried out in different animal models, including rats, rabbits, miniswine, and monkeys, to investigate the optimal selective photodynamic activity of the photosensitizer. Several studies documented the beneficial effect of PDT in terms of plaque stabilization or even regression using rabbits or swine as an animal model . In most of the cases, rabbits were maintained with cholesterol‐rich diets.…”