Determining the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water for fluoride endemic regions in South India

Recommendations for fluoride limits in drinking water based on estimated daily fluoride intake in the Upper East Region, Ghana

“…The investigators noted whether the affected household member was an adult or a child (under 18 years), and the estimated level of dental fluorosis was documented using the categories presented with the photographs in Fig. 2 (from Viswanathan et al, 2009).…”

Novel DGT method with tri-metal oxide adsorbent for in situ spatiotemporal flux measurement of fluoride in waters and sediments

“…In the US alone, it has been estimated that ~85% of adults have 44 experienced enhanced tooth decay owing to F -deficiency (Perumal et al, 2013;Su et 45 al., 2013). However, the therapeutic range is very narrow and in excess can disrupt 46 thyroid metabolism, impair brain function, cause bone deformities, and in severe 47 cases result in paralysis and cancer (Harrison, 2005;Meenakshi and Maheshwari, 48 2006; Viswanathan et al, 2009). Drinking water is the predominant source of F -…”

Geochemical processes regulating F − , as and NO 3 − content in the groundwater of a sector of the Pampean Region, Argentina

“…The set of hydrogeochemical characteristics observed regarding F − and As have also been registered in aquifers in other regions worldwide (e.g., Meenakshi and Maheshwari, 2006;Saxena and Ahmed, 2003;Chae et al, 2007;Viswanathan et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2014).…”

“…It is estimated that about 200 million people worldwide are supplied with water containing high concentrations of F − (Edmunds and Smedley, 2004). Some of the countries where high contents of F − in groundwater used for drinking have been reported are India (Ramamohana Rao et al, 1993;Karthikeyan et al, 1996;Viswanathan et al, 2009), Serbia (Mandinic et al, 2010), Korea (Chae et al, 2007), China (Zhang et al, 2003;Binbin et al, 2005), Cameroon (Fantong et al, 2010), Nigeria (Gbadebo, 2012), Pakistan (Shah and Danishwar, 2003), Spain (Sanz Pérez and Sanz, 1999), Italy (D'Alessandro et al, 2008), Portugal (Cordeiro et al, 2012), Mexico (Grimaldo et al, 1995), Chile (Mella et al, 1994), Brazil (De Souza et al, 2013), Argentina (Kruse and Ainchil, 2003;Paoloni et al, 2003), etc.…”