Determining the water to cement ratio of fresh concrete by evaporation

Robertson, Bret; Ley, M. Tyler

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117972

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Previous work utilizing the Phoenix showed an average w/cm estimate within ± 0.02 of the batched value for 364 laboratory mixtures [14,15]. Work in the field has shown the Phoenix reliably measures w/cm within ± 0.02 over 93% of the time for 58 mixtures [14,15]. This shows that the Phoenix can be efficient, rapid, and accurate for testing the w/cm of fresh concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This high heat removes all the water in as little as 15 min. Previous work utilizing the Phoenix showed an average w/cm estimate within ± 0.02 of the batched value for 364 laboratory mixtures [14,15]. Work in the field has shown the Phoenix reliably measures w/cm within ± 0.02 over 93% of the time for 58 mixtures [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Measuring w/cm is important in concrete because it influences the strength [1,2], workability [3], durability [4], serviceability [5,6], cracking [7,8], setting [9], bleed rate [3,10], and even color of the concrete [11,12]. Many attempts have been made to measure the w/cm in fresh concrete and have been reported in previous literature [13,14]. One test that shows promise is the Phoenix [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many attempts have been made to measure the w/cm in fresh concrete and have been reported in previous literature [13,14]. One test that shows promise is the Phoenix [14,15]. The Phoenix aims to measure the water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm) in fresh concrete [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One test that shows promise is the Phoenix [14,15]. The Phoenix aims to measure the water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm) in fresh concrete [14,15]. Samples are placed into an 815 °C furnace and water is evaporated from the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of time and temperature testing limits for a field water-to-cement ratio test

et al. 2021

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The Phoenix is a new test method that can measure the water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm) in fresh concrete in 15 min by evaporating the mixing water and scaling the binder content. This work will aim to investigate how the results of the test changes with time after mixing and also the length of time the sample spends in the furnace. The time after mixing is important as the water in the mixture begins reacting with the binder as soon as mixing starts. Also, as materials are stored in the furnace the high temperatures may cause the materials to decompose and this would again change the results of the test. These are important questions that limit the timing in the test method and also provide insight into the early reactions of Portland cement with water. This work uses isothermal calorimetry, w/cm testing over time, thermogravimetric analysis, and degree of hydration tests to establish reasonable limits for the test method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%