Deterministic insights from stochastic interactions

Orrock, John L.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2001848117

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study broad niche species appear to be driving the relationships. A downturn in diversity of broader niche species could be inferior competitors winning by chance in small patches with no rescue effect such as would arise from a competition colonization tradeoff (Orrock 2020, Ben‐Hur and Kadmon 2020a, b). The unimodal relationship between gamma (γ) diversity and habitat diversity and heterogeneity in low intensity landscapes also appears to be related to changes in broad niche species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inconsistent relationships between area, heterogeneity and plant species richness in temperate farmed landscapes

Maskell

Alison

Forbes³

et al. 2023

Oikos

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Relationships between area, heterogeneity and species richness are fundamental concepts in ecology yet questions remain about how area and heterogeneity tradeoff (AHTO) to constrain biodiversity. Although there is growing evidence for unimodal heterogeneity diversity relationships (HDR's) and an AHTO, tests of the concept and consequences for species richness across a landscape-scale gradient of human-modified ecosystems are rare. Using data from a national (Wales) field survey we analysed relationships between environmental heterogeneity and plant species richness (α and γ). We used ordination to produce a composite metric of heterogeneity and compared this to commonly used metrics. We used niche hypervolumes to categorise the breadth of plant species' ecological preferences and analysed relationships between species richness, niche width and heterogeneity. The HDR was unimodal with α diversity at the smallest scale and positive with α and γ diversity (non-linear) at the 1 km scale although in low intensity landscapes the HDR with γ diversity was unimodal. There was a unimodal relationship between habitat diversity and γ diversity. Land use intensity was unimodally related to diversity. There were significant interactions between niche width and heterogeneity. Richness of broad niche species increased with heterogeneity with flattening of the curve at higher levels. Narrow niche species were rare and mostly unresponsive. The expected decline in narrow niche species with increasing heterogeneity was not found although they did decline with land-use intensity. Using a unique dataset, an analysis of a large-scale mosaic of ecosystems found that the shape of the HDR varies with land use intensity, the heterogeneity metric, spatial scale, diversity type and niche width. Although heterogeneity can increase species richness, there may be tradeoffs at higher heterogeneity. A fundamental constraint on realising the benefit of heterogeneity is the low availability of narrower niche species in local species pools in modified landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Conceptual diagram of relationships between heterogeneity and species richness (following Allouche et al 2012, Orrock 2020). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistent relationships between area, heterogeneity and plant species richness in temperate farmed landscapes

Maskell

Alison

Forbes³

et al. 2023

Oikos

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“…We relate this result to the fact that, when species interact with each other in a competitive community, increasing population sizes reduces the impact of demographic stochasticity, thereby increasing the likelihood that superior competitors would exclude inferior competitors from the community (the ecological drift hypothesis, Ben‐Hur & Kadmon, 2020a). This positive effect of population size on extinction probability may offset the negative effect of population size on the likelihood of stochastic extinction (see also Orrock, 2020). Our findings that increasing island size increased the frequency of occurrence of the best competitor H. spontaneum is consistent with this explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the mechanisms underlying the species–area relationship: A mesocosm experiment with annual plants

Ben-Hur

Kadmon

2020

Journal of Ecology

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“…Li et al, 2020;Pedersen et al, 2015), creating new niches that could harbour new species (Seaton et al, 2020). However, with increasing degradation, soil properties are more likely to be altered to an extent that the number of niches decreases, filtering species (Orrock, 2020). Thus, the relationship between α-diversity and degradation varies from the extent (or stage) of degradation.…”

Section: The Properties Of Soil Microbial Community Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced interactivity during microbial community degradation leads to the extinction of Tricholomas matsutake

Zhou

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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Ecosystem degradation is a process during which different ecosystem components interact and affect each other. The microbial community, as a component of the ecosystem whose members often display high reproduction rates, is more readily able to respond to environmental stress at the compositional and functional levels, thus potentially threatening other ecosystem components. However, very little research has been carried out on how microbial community degradation affects other ecosystem components, which hampers the comprehensive understanding of ecosystems as a whole. In this study, we investigated the variation in a soil microbial community through the extinction gradient of an ectomycorrhizal species (Tricholomas matsutake) and explored the relationship between microbial community degradation and ectomycorrhizal species extinction. The result showed that during degradation, the microbial community switched from an interactive state to a stress tolerance state.During degradation, the interactivity of the microbial community decreased from average degree (avgK) 3.54 of undegraded state to 1.63 of degraded state, and the interactivity parameter was significantly related to T. matsutake dominance (R 2 = 0.953, p < 0.05). The reduced community interactions with T. matsutake marginalized it from a large central interactive module (67 nodes with 399 intra-module links and 86 inter-module links) to a small peripheral module (four nodes with three intramodule links and no inter-module links), eventually leading to its extinction. This study highlights the mechanisms of T. matsutake extinction due to the loss of soil microbial community interactivity, offering valuable information about soil microbial community degradation and the plant ectomycorrhizal species conservation.

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Deterministic insights from stochastic interactions

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Inconsistent relationships between area, heterogeneity and plant species richness in temperate farmed landscapes

Inconsistent relationships between area, heterogeneity and plant species richness in temperate farmed landscapes

Disentangling the mechanisms underlying the species–area relationship: A mesocosm experiment with annual plants

Reduced interactivity during microbial community degradation leads to the extinction of Tricholomas matsutake

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