Deterministic Nucleation for Halide Perovskite Thin Films with Large and Uniform Grains

Geske, Thomas; Li, Junqiang; Worden, Matthew; Shan, Xin; Chen, Mingming; Bade, Sri Ganesh R.; Yu, Zhibin

doi:10.1002/adfm.201702180

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The results are shown in Figure 8a,b. [20] Figure 8d presents the variation of the normalized PCE for the unsealed PVSCs stored in N 2 -filled glove box and humid air (RH = 50%). According to Figure 8a www.advenergymat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com and MAPbI 3 (14.14°) was calculated and displayed in Figure 8c as a function of storage time in humid air (RH = 50%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

Chen

Zuo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

129

114

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cell (PVSCs) with good reproducibility, beneficial for improving success rate of products. Besides of the uniformity of perovskite layer, the fabrication of highly efficient PVSC with thick perovskite layer and good thickness tolerance is also urgent for future commercializatio n. [1b,2c,e,5] In the past three years, efforts on fabricating high-performance PVSCs with thick active layer were tried by both thermal evaporation and solution methods. [1b,2c,e,5a,6] The researches on the PVSCs based on perovskite film fabricated by thermal evaporation method revealed that there is an optimized film thickness ≈300 nm. Further increase the thickness of the perovskite film leads to the deterioration of open-circuit voltage (V oc ) and fill factor (FF) and the decline of PCE of the device. [6a,b,7] Though Bolink and co-workers [6a] reduce the effect of the unbalanced charge extraction for 900 nm thick PVSCs by increasing the conductivity of the hole transport layer (HTL), and improve the efficiency from 7.2% to 12.0%, which is still lower than the 285 nm thick one (12.7%). It is believed that the reduction of V oc and FF along with the increasing film thickness can be attributed to the roughening of the surface of the perovskite film and the perovskite/carrier transport layer interface as well, which brings more serious charge recombination. [6b,7] Similar phenomenon was also observed in the perovskite film prepared by spin-coating method. Gong and co-workers [6c] found that the PCE first increased with the increasing thickness of the MAPbI 3−x Cl x film, and reached to a maximum value about 12% in the case of 575 nm. Further thickening of the perov skite film was found to deteriorate the device performance because of the increase of surface roughness of the perovskite film and the inferior contact between electron transport layer (ETL) and thick active layer. Owning to the increased difficulty in controlling the morphology of the thick perovskite film and the resulting limited carrier diffusion lengths, poor charge extraction, serious charge recombination, it is rather hard to obtain thick film based high performance PVSCs as compared to those based on thinner junctions. To improve the morphology of the perovskite film with smooth and pinhole free surface, high crystallinity, High-performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with absorber layer thickness insensitive features are important for practical fabrication, however these features are difficult to be realized. There are very few reports of the fabrication of polycrystalline PVSCs with power conversion efficienies (PCE) insensitive to film thickness beyond 600 nm. The main reason lies in more serious recombination of the thick perovskite layer compared to the thin layer. Herein, this challenge is addressed by a simple hot casting method to formulate high-quality perovskite film with enlarged grain size, high carrier mobility, and reduced defects. It is found that increasing the temperature to 70 °C can dramatically increase the film thickness and enlarge the...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

Chen

Zuo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

129

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…24 Furthermore, smart strategies have been reported to fabricate large-sized single-crystal thin lms. [25][26][27] However, directly extending these methods [28][29][30][31] to 2D growth is difficult. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The existing growth methods for (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 single crystals mainly involve converting polycrystalline thin lm to single-crystal nanoplates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centimeter-scale 2D perovskite (PEA)₂PbBr₄ single crystal plates grown by a seeded solution method for photodetectors

Zhai

Tian

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Large-sized single-crystal two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are highly desirable owing to their fundamental properties and intriguing ability to boost devices. Herein, 2-phenylethylammonium lead bromide [(PEA) 2 PbBr 4 ] single crystals, which are a violet-light-emitting 2D perovskite material, with typical lateral sizes of about one centimeter were successfully grown using a seeded solution method. The singlecrystal plates showed a well-defined shape (rectangle or hexagon), a natural thickness (300-500 mm) similar to that of conventional silicon and InP wafers, a large aspect ratio of $20, and a smooth surface (root mean square, $0.7 nm). We integrated these single crystal plates into an ultraviolet photodetector, achieving a low dark current of $10 À13 A and an efficient photoresponse (on/off ratio, $10 3 ). This experiment could easily be extended to grow freestanding 2D perovskite single crystals on a wafer scale for practical integrated optoelectronics.

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“…Finally, we compared the stability of the unencapsulated control device based on 100% toluene and the device based on 50% toluene under ambient air condition with 22°C and RH ≤ 30% for about 200 h. As shown in Figure 8, we found that the device adopted 50% toluene exhibited excellent stability with PCE retaining 78% of its initial value after 200 h. The value of V OC remained almost unchanged, and FF and J SC only slightly decreased to 95% and 82% of their original value. While for the control device with 100% toluene anti-solvent, the PCE value dramatically decayed to 52% of its initial value with the values of J SC , FF, and V OC all dropping dramatically during 200 h. The morphology of perovskite films has a very important influence on their stability, especially in the ambient air [55][56][57][58][59]. Previous reports have shown that the stability for the dense perovskite films with larger grain size is significantly better than that of low-quality films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Way to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Toluene and Diethyl Ether Mixed Anti-Solvent Engineering

et al. 2019

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Solvent engineering is one of the most widely applied preparation methods for the high- quality perovskite films. In this method, the choice of anti-solvent plays a very important role to improve the perovskite crystal quality. Here, we report a facile way to regulate the crystal quality of perovskite film by adjusting the ratio of toluene and diethyl ether in the mixed anti-solvent. Through the combination of characterization and measurements including scanning electron microscopy, the atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the steady-state photoluminescence spectra, it reveals that the quality of perovskite films is obviously improved when the volume ratio of toluene to diethyl ether in the mixed anti-solvent is 1:1. The optimal device obtains power conversion efficiency of 16.96% with a short-circuit current density of 20.60 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V, and a fill factor of 79.96%. At the same time, the device shows negligible current–voltage hysteresis and steady power output. Moreover, the stability of PSCs is significantly enhanced due to the perovskite film quality improvement by adopting 50% toluene mixed anti-solvent.

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Deterministic Nucleation for Halide Perovskite Thin Films with Large and Uniform Grains

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

Centimeter-scale 2D perovskite (PEA)₂PbBr₄ single crystal plates grown by a seeded solution method for photodetectors

A Facile Way to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Toluene and Diethyl Ether Mixed Anti-Solvent Engineering

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Deterministic Nucleation for Halide Perovskite Thin Films with Large and Uniform Grains

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

Centimeter-scale 2D perovskite (PEA)2PbBr4 single crystal plates grown by a seeded solution method for photodetectors

A Facile Way to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Toluene and Diethyl Ether Mixed Anti-Solvent Engineering

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Centimeter-scale 2D perovskite (PEA)₂PbBr₄ single crystal plates grown by a seeded solution method for photodetectors