Deterministic Propagation Modeling for Intelligent Vehicle Communication in Smart Cities

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are envisaged to be a critical building block of Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) where applications for pollution, congestion reduction, vehicle mobility improvement, accident prevention and safer roads are some of the VANETs expected benefits towards Intelligent Vehicle Communications. Although there is a significant research effort in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication radio channel characterization, the use of a deterministic approach as a complement of theoretical and empirical models is required to understand more accurately the propagation phenomena in urban environments. In this work, a deterministic computational tool based on an in-house 3D Ray-Launching algorithm is used to represent and analyze large-scale and small-scale urban radio propagation phenomena, including vehicle movement effects on each of the multipath components. In addition, network parameters such as throughput, packet loss and jitter, have been obtained by means of a set of experimental measurements for different V2I and V2V links. Results show the impact of factors such as distance, frequency, location of antenna transmitters (TX), obstacles and vehicle speed. These results are useful for radio-planning Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) designers and deployment of urban Road Side Units (RSUs).

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“…These parameters have been used for the simulations presented in this work. A detailed description of the 3D-RL algorithm can be found in [79], along with its validation for different complex environments such as urban environments [80], vehicular communications [81] or complex indoor environments [82].…”

V2I Propagation Loss Predictions in Simplified Urban Environment: A Two-Way Parabolic Equation Approach

“…The RT method is used in indoor [13], outdoor [14] and outdoor-to-indoor [15] propagation scenarios. There are several studies [16,17] dedicated to the application of the RT method to V2I radio channel modeling in urban areas. A good agreement was obtained with the experimental data.…”

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“…Recently, ultra wideband (UWB) has been used for radar or sensing in vehicular communications that play an essential role into operational areas in Smart Cities [1,2]—in addition, in military communications and niche applications for its number of advantages that make it attractive for consumer communications applications (low cost, resistant to severe multipath and good time resolution) [3]. In vehicular communications [4], those advantages are especially relevant since transmissions must be reliable for safety applications.…”