Detonation limits of explosive solutions

Kondrikov, B. N.; Raikova, V. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00756017

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The critical diameter for detonation of NEs and their mixtures with each other and with nondetonable substances was defined in [3], [6], and [7]. Experiments were carried out in cylindrical glass and sometimes card bound tubes by a GO/NO-GO method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Liquid Mixtures

Raikova

Likholatov

2005

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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The main objective of this work is to study the chemical kinetics of detonation reactions in some nitroester mixtures and solutions of nitrocompounds in concentrated nitric acid. The main source of information on chemical kinetics in the detonation wave was the experimental dependence of failure diameter on composition of mixtures. Calculations were carried out in terms of classic theory of Dremin using the SGKR computer code. Effective values for the activation energies and pre-exponential factors for detonation reactions in the mixtures under investigation have been defined.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If d f of a solution was less than 2 mm, then thin-walled conical capillaries were used [7]. The limiting conditions for extinguishing of detonation propagation in NEs and their mixtures in thick-walled steel tubes were also studied [3,6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Liquid Mixtures

Raikova

Likholatov

2005

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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“…The majority of papers deal with the investigation of such effects on detonation characteristics of nitromethane (Presles et al 1981;Kusakabe and Fujiwara 1976;Urtiew and Kusakabe 1970;Brochet et al 1974;Walker 1979), nitroglycol (Kondrikov and Raikova 1977;Kondrikov and Sopoval 1980), and methylnitrate (Kusakabe and Fujiwara 1970), whereas there are just a few on tetranitromethane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Additives on Detonation Characteristics of Tetranitromethane

1986

Dynamics of Explosions

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The influence of hexane, C 6 H 14 , propylene oxide, C 3 H 6 O, chloroform, CHC13, and carbontetrachloride, CC1 4 , on detonation characteristics of tetranitromethane, C(NO 2 )4, was investigated. Densities of TNM mixtures with these additives were measured in the temperature range 283.15-303.15K. Analytical expressions enabling the calculation of mixture densities as a function of temperature and concentration are given for all systems except for TNM-CC1 4 , because in this case a deviation from linearity occurs. Detonation velocities were measured and calculated using the Avakian method. Results obtained from this approximate method deviate from experimental measurements in some instances by more than 10% and may compare unfavorably with those based on equilibrium Chapman-Jouquet computations which are usually within a few percent of experimental data. The lowest, i.e. critical, concentrations of additives permitting the establishment of detonation were also experimentally determined and the results were rationalized on the basis of their physicochemical properties.

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“…For photorecording, the tubes had radial holes of 1.5 mm diameter drilled with a step of 10-15 mm. In [7], based on the dependence of experimentally measured values of d cr of nitroglycol solutions in inert solvents on the reciprocal of the calculated temperature of explosion, it was shown that using such steel tubes is equivalent to tests of an open charge of diameter d o.ch = 50-100 mm. Subsequently [8], in this value was refined: d o.ch = 80±5 mm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Properties of porous cast charges based on mixtures of ammonium nitrate and carbamide

Kozak

Starshinov

Litovka

et al. 2010

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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The explosive and physicochemical properties of porous mixtures based on ammonium nitrate, carbamide, and aluminum powder are considered. A melting curve for the ammonium nitrate/carbamide system is plotted using differential scanning calorimetry. The critical detonation diameter is obtained for a charge density of 0.6-0.7 g/cm 3 . The dependence of the charge density on the degree of filling of the mold with the melt is determined. Detonation velocity is measured for various densities. An explanation of the difference between the experimental and calculated values is proposed.Key words: eutectic mixture, ammonium nitrate, carbamide, vacuum formation, detonation velocity.Varying charge density is one of the main means for controlling important operation properties of explosive products such as detonation velocity and pressure. The design of new explosive materials with increased detonation velocity and pressure seeks to synthesize materials with crystal density close to ρ = 2 g/cm 3 , and in the manufacture of charges by molding, each hundredth of the density is of significance. However, many explosive engineering applications, for example, soft throwing, soft breaking of valuable rock, explosive processing of metals, etc., require charges with low detonation velocity and pressure and, hence, low density. The simplest method -manufacture of charges of bulk density -is not always convenient because the charge density can change during storage and transportation. This is especially true for ammonium nitrate charges.The explosive properties of condensed liquid porous charges of nitromethane and diethylene glycol dinitrate are described in [1], and the properties of cast porous TNT based charges prepared by melting TNT on a water bath with aeration or addition of fine aluminum and vacuum molding are described in [2]. The high melting point of ammonium nitrate (≈170 • C) does not allow one to use safe melting on a water bath and thus prepare cast porous charges.It is known from the literature that ammonium nitrate is capable of forming eutectic mixtures with materials such as carbamide, nitrates of the some amines, and some others. In the present work, this circumstance was used to reduce the melting point of ammonium nitrate and produce cast porous charges based on eutectic mixtures with carbamide.The physical and chemical properties of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with carbamide were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using the Mettler Toledo DSC-30 device designed for the analysis of thermokinetic phase, chemical, and structural transformations, transitions in polymer compounds, halfproducts, materials, mixtures, alloys, ion-exchange materials in the temperature range from −170 to +600 • C.DSC is widely used to measure the endothermic effects of phase and modification transitions. Many enthalpies of melting of nitro compounds obtained by this method were brought into the extensive database of the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) and are available to users via the Interne...

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Detonation limits of explosive solutions

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Liquid Mixtures

Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Liquid Mixtures

Influence of Additives on Detonation Characteristics of Tetranitromethane

Properties of porous cast charges based on mixtures of ammonium nitrate and carbamide

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