Detrimental Effects in Brillouin Distributed Sensors Caused By EDFA Transient

Feng, Cheng; Iribas, Haritz; Mariñelarena, Jon; Schneider, Thomas; Loayssa, Alayn

doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2017.jtu5a.85

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In a well-designed BOTDA, a high extinction ratio (ER) pump pulse wave is employed. Therefore, the SBS-interaction between the probe and pump pedestal can be neglected [ 45 , 46 ]. As a result, the noise outside the time domain trace consists of classical noise

only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Noise Induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Distributed Sensing

Kadum

Feng

Schneider

2020

Sensors

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The excess noise due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in gain and loss-based Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA) has been investigated theoretically and experimentally for the first time to the best of our knowledge. This investigation provides a full insight to the SBS-induced noise distribution, which mainly comes from phase-to-intensity conversion noise and the beating noise between the probe wave and spontaneous Brillouin scattering. A complete theoretical model, which is in good agreement with the experimental results, is presented to describe the noise. The results show that a loss-based BOTDA setup gives a better noise performance than a gain-based one in both time and frequency domain. The SBS-induced noise has been characterized in dependence on the pump and probe power and the spatial resolution.

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only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Noise Induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Distributed Sensing

Kadum

Feng

Schneider

2020

Sensors

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“…However, this amplification is not useful for sensing. In case of a strong probe wave, not only the pulse but also the pedestals (especially the trailing pedestal) will deplete, which lead to severe distortions on the BOTDA traces (see Figure 13(b)) [75,76].…”

Section: Higher Pulse Extinction Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a conventional MZM, the ER is only 20 dB but can be enhanced up to 30 dB with special designs. Higher ERs of more than 40 dB can be achieved with switching type semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and a 60 dB ER with RF switches [75,76].…”

Section: Higher Pulse Extinction Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 13. (a) The schematic description of the interaction between pulse and probe wave [75]; (b) the distorted BOTDA traces under different pulse ER due to the pump pedestal depletion [76]. Later on, the DPP-BOTDA technique has been developed into a simultaneous measurement by launching two pump pulses with slightly different durations in different frequencies [79].…”

Section: Differential Pulse Width Pair (Dpp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The State-of-the-Art of Brillouin Distributed Fiber Sensing

Feng¹,

Kadum²,

Schneider³

2019

Fiber Optic Sensing - Principle, Measurement and Applications

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The distributed Brillouin sensing technique has been developed rapidly since its first demonstration three decades ago. Numerous investigations on the performance enhancement of Brillouin sensors in respect to spatial resolution, sensing range, and measurement time have paved the way to its industrial and commercial applications. This chapter provides an overview of different Brillouin sensing techniques and mainly focuses on the most widely used one, the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA). The history and the development of Brillouin sensing regarding the performance enhancement in various methods and their records will be reviewed, commented, and compared with each other. As well, related sensing errors and limitations will be discussed, together with the corresponding strategies to avoid them.

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“…The imaginary part of Equation (1) is the Brillouin phase spectrum and the real part represents the BGS which is approximated by a Lorentzian shape [24]. Provided that the pump depletion is negligible and the extinction ratio (ER) of the pump pulse is infinitely high so that no pump leakage-probe interaction is considered [29,30,31], the local Brillouin gain gB that will be experienced by the probe wave at position z is given by gB(ω,z)=prefixexp[GB(ω)Leff]·prefixexp[−2αz] where α is the linear loss coefficient of the fiber, Leff=[1−exp(−αL)]/α represents the effective length, L=vcT/2 has the same expression as the spatial resolution, where vc is the speed of light in the fiber and T is the pulse width.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Accuracy Enhancement via Radio Frequency Filtering in Distributed Brillouin Sensing

Feng

Preußler

Kadum

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this article, we demonstrate the noise reduction and signal to noise ratio (SNR) enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). The results show that, although the main noise contribution comes from the Brillouin interaction itself, a simple low pass filtering on the detected radio frequency (RF) signal reduces remarkably the noise level of the BOTDA traces. The corresponding SNR enhancement depends on the employed cut-off frequency of the low pass filter. Due to the enhancement of the SNR, a mitigation of the standard deviation error of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) has been demonstrated. However, RF filters with low cut-off frequency could lead to distortions on the trace signals and therefore detection errors on a non-uniform BFS. The trade-off between the noise reduction and the signal distortion as well as an optimal cut-off frequency are discussed in detail.

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Detrimental Effects in Brillouin Distributed Sensors Caused By EDFA Transient

Abstract: We investigate the deleterious effect and the error in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers induced by the combination of a low extinction ratio pulse generation with the transient behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of the Noise Induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Distributed Sensing

Characterization of the Noise Induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Distributed Sensing

The State-of-the-Art of Brillouin Distributed Fiber Sensing

Measurement Accuracy Enhancement via Radio Frequency Filtering in Distributed Brillouin Sensing

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