Deuterium Plasma Focus as a Tool for Testing Materials of Plasma Facing Walls in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

Akel, M.; Salo, S. Alsheikh; Ismael, Sh.; Saw, S. H.; Lee, S.

doi:10.1007/s10894-016-0092-z

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The measured ion current density, ion number density, and ion energy and energy flux are found to compare reasonably well with the values computed by the code. Akel et al [303] compared published data using time resolved Schlieren imaging in the PF-400J [304] with code results for post-focus pinch fast plasma stream speeds and stream energy, power flow density, and damage factor. Reasonable agreement was found for all the measured quantities.…”

Section: Ion Beams and Fast Plasma Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Auluck

Kubeš

Paduch

et al. 2021

Plasma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper is a sequel to the 1998 review paper “Scientific status of the Dense Plasma Focus” with 16 authors belonging to 16 nations, whose initiative led to the establishment of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasmas (ICDMP) in the year 2000. Its focus is on understanding the principal defining characteristic features of the plasma focus in the light of the developments that have taken place in the last 20 years, in terms of new facilities, diagnostics, models, and insights. Although it is too soon to proclaim with certainty what the plasma focus phenomenon is, the results available to date conclusively indicate what it is demonstrably not. The review looks at the experimental data, cross-correlated across multiple diagnostics and multiple devices, to delineate the contours of an emerging narrative that is fascinatingly different from the standard narrative, which has guided the consensus in the plasma focus community for several decades, without invalidating it. It raises a question mark over the Fundamental Premise of Controlled Fusion Research, namely, that any fusion reaction having the character of a beam-target process must necessarily be more inefficient than a thermonuclear process with a confined thermal plasma at a suitably high temperature. Open questions that need attention of researchers are highlighted. A future course of action is suggested that individual plasma focus laboratories could adopt in order to positively influence the future growth of research in this field, to the general benefit of not only the controlled fusion research community but also the world at large.

show abstract

Section: Ion Beams and Fast Plasma Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Auluck

Kubeš

Paduch

et al. 2021

Plasma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inductive voltages are considered as the driver of the observed fast ion beams. Realistic simulations are achieved for axial and radial dynamics [35], fast ion beams [36] and relativistic electron beams [37], and post-pinch fast plasma flows [38], with all these having been verified against experimental measurements. The simulated neutron yields in D and D-T have been compared extensively with experimental measurements in various machines, most recently by Marciniak et al in the Polish machine PF-24 [39], with wider agreement than achievable by any other codes [2,5].…”

Section: Proposed Configurationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Lee¹

2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing conventional megajoule plasma focus machines with 2–3 MA are producing fusion neutron yields of several times 1011 in deuterium operation, the fusion yields being predominantly beam-gas target. Increasing the current to 10 MA and using 50%-50% D-T mixture would scale the neutron yield towards 1016 D-T fusion neutrons. In this work, we derive the Lawson criterion for plasma focus devices with beam-target fusion neutron mechanism, so that we may glimpse what future technological advancements are needed for a breakeven Q=1 plasma focus. We do numerical experiments with a present-day feasible 0.9 MV, 8.1 MJ, 11 MA machine operating in 100 Torr in 50%-50% D-T mixture. The Lee Code simulation gives a detailed description of the plasma focus dynamics through each phase, and provides plasma and yield parameters which show that out of 1.1 × 1019 fast beam ions produced in the plasma focus pinch, only 1.24 × 1014 ions take part in beam-target fusion reactions within the pinch, producing the same number of D-T neutrons. The remnant beam ions, numbering practically 1019, exit the focus pinch at 1.9 MeV, which is far above the 115 keV ion energy necessary for optimum beam-target cross-section. It is proposed to regain the lost fusion rates, by using a high-pressure D-T filled, drift-tube to attenuate the energy of the remnant beam ions until they reach the energy for optimum fusion cross-section. Such a fusion enhancement tube would further harvest beam-target fusion reactions by increasing the interaction path length (1 m) at increased interaction density (6 atm). A gain factor of 300 is conservatively estimated, with final yield of 3.7 × 1016 D-T neutrons carrying kinetic energy (KE) of 83.6 kJ, demonstrating Q = 0.01.

show abstract

“…Соңғы жылдары плазмалық фокус термоядролық қондырғысын жасақтап, оны ғылыми-зерттеу жұмыстарында қолдануға деген қызығушылық артып келеді [1,2]. Cебебі аталған қондырғыда D-D синтезделу реакциясы кезінде (дейтерий немесе тритий газын толтырған жағдайда) рентген сәулелерімен бірге нейтрондар және энергиялары жоғары иондар мен электрондар ұшып шығады.…”

Section: кіріспеunclassified

“…Соңғы жылдары плазмалық фокус қондырғысында дейтерий газын қолдану кезінде плазманың қалыптасу динамикасы мен оның 10 −9 -10 −6 секунд аралығындағы сығылуына (пинчтелу) қатысты теориялық [2] және эксперименттік [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] зерттеу жұмыстары елеулі дәрежеде дамыды. Алайда, қазіргі таңда көптеген зерттеу жобаларының назарын, плазмалық фокус қондырғысындағы интенсивті рентген сәулелері мен жылдам нейтрондардың пайда болу механизмі өзіне тартып келеді.…”

Section: кіріспеunclassified

Investigation of Anisotropy of Neutron Emission in the Thermonuclear Plasma Focus Installation

Moldabekov

Zhukeshov

Gabdullina

et al. 2021

jour

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dynamic characteristics of neutron emission and anisotropy depending on the gas pressure in a thermonuclear installation of a plasma focus were studied. Two plastic scintillation photoelectron multipliers and two activation detectors were used for diagnostic measurements. Experimental results showed that the values of neutron emission fluctuate in the range 5,5 106-5,11 107 n/imp also were explained two mechanisms of neutron production and anisotropy in the optimal pressure range.

show abstract

Deuterium Plasma Focus as a Tool for Testing Materials of Plasma Facing Walls in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Investigation of Anisotropy of Neutron Emission in the Thermonuclear Plasma Focus Installation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Deuterium Plasma Focus as a Tool for Testing Materials of Plasma Facing Walls in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 1016 fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Investigation of Anisotropy of Neutron Emission in the Thermonuclear Plasma Focus Installation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01