Developed Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Synthesis and Characterization

Druske, Mona-Maria; Fopah-Lele, Armand; Korhammer, Kathrin; Rammelberg, Holger Urs; Wegscheider, Nina; Rück, Wolfgang; Schmidt, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.915

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These characters make it problematic for salt hydrates to be used in TCES systems in a single form [109][110][111]. Consequently, several authors have developed an approach for improving the efficiency of these systems [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122].…”

Section: Composites Based Salt Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey Summary on Salts Hydrates and Composites Used in Thermochemical Sorption Heat Storage: A Review

Zbair

Bennici

2021

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To improve the proficiency of energy systems in addition to increasing the usage of renewable energies, thermal energy storage (TES) is a strategic path. The present literature review reports an overview of the recent advancements in the utilization of salt hydrates (single or binary mixtures) and composites as sorbents for sorption heat storage. Starting by introducing various heat storage systems, the operating concept of the adsorption TES was clarified and contrasted to other technologies. Consequently, a deep examination and crucial problems related to the different types of salt hydrates and adsorbents were performed. Recent advances in the composite materials used in sorption heat storage were also reviewed and compared. A deep discussion related to safety, price, availability, and hydrothermal stability issues is reported. Salt hydrates display high theoretical energy densities, which are promising materials in TES. However, they show a number of drawbacks for use in the basic state including low temperature overhydration and deliquescence (e.g., MgCl2), high temperature degradation, sluggish kinetics leading to a low temperature rise (e.g., MgSO4), corrosiveness and toxicity (e.g., Na2S), and low mass transport due to the material macrostructure. The biggest advantage of adsorption materials is that they are more hydrothermally stable. However, since adsorption is the most common sorption phenomenon, such materials have a lower energy content. Furthermore, when compared to salt hydrates, they have higher prices per mass, which reduces their appeal even further when combined with lower energy densities. Economies of scale and the optimization of manufacturing processes may help cut costs. Among the zeolites, Zeolite 13X is among the most promising. Temperature lifts of 35–45 °C were reached in lab-scale reactors and micro-scale experiments under the device operating settings. Although the key disadvantage is an excessively high desorption temperature, which is problematic to attain using heat sources, for instance, solar thermal collectors. To increase the energy densities and enhance the stability of adsorbents, composite materials have been examined to ameliorate the stability and to achieve suitable energy densities. Based on the reviewed materials, MgSO4 has been identified as the most promising salt; it presents a higher energy density compared to other salts and can be impregnated in a porous matrix to prepare composites in order to overcome the drawbacks connected to its use as pure salt. However, due to pore volume reduction, potential deliquescence and salt leakage from the composite as well as degradation, issues with heat and mass transport can still exist. In addition, to increase the kinetics, stability, and energy density, the use of binary salt deposited in a porous matrix is suitable. Nevertheless, this solution should take into account the deliquescence, safety, and cost of the selected salts. Therefore, binary systems can be the solution to design innovative materials with predetermined sorption properties adapted to particular sorption heat storage cycles. Finally, working condition, desorption temperature, material costs, lifetime, and reparation, among others, are the essential point for commercial competitiveness. High material costs and desorption temperatures, combined with lower energy densities under normal device operating conditions, decrease their market attractiveness. As a result, the introduction of performance metrics within the scientific community and the use of economic features on a material scale are suggested.

show abstract

Section: Composites Based Salt Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey Summary on Salts Hydrates and Composites Used in Thermochemical Sorption Heat Storage: A Review

Zbair

Bennici

2021

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Impregnating the salt hydrate helped control the water uptake by varying the pore size and chemical nature of the salt hydrate. It was concluded that the sorption behaviors involved in these composite materials were liquid absorption, solid adsorption, and chemical reaction, which could also overcome some of the drawbacks of the base materials [91,92]. The host matrix should have a high porosity to accumulate more active materials.…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Druske et al [91] synthesized composite materials with expanded natural graphite (ENG) and activated carbon foam (ACF) with calcium chloride and potassium chloride salts to improve their performance. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and water absorption were improved with impregnation.…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Technologies and Recent Advances in Low-Temperature Sorption Thermal Storage Systems

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sorption thermochemical storage systems can store thermal energy for the long-term with minimum amount of losses. Their flexibility in working with sustainable energy sources further increases their importance vis-à-vis high levels of pollution from carbon-based energy forms. These storage systems can be utilized for cooling and heating purposes or shifting the peak load. This review provides a basic understanding of the technologies and critical factors involved in the performance of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. It is divided into four sections, namely materials for different sorption storage systems, recent advances in the absorption cycle, system configuration, and some prototypes and systems developed for sorption heat storage systems. Energy storage materials play a vital role in the system design, owing to their thermal and chemical properties. Materials for sorption storage systems are discussed in detail, with a new class of absorption materials, namely ionic liquids. It can be a potential candidate for thermal energy storage due to its substantial thermophysical properties which have not been utilized much. Recent developments in the absorption cycle and integration of the same within the storage systems are summarized. In addition, open and closed systems are discussed in the context of recent reactor designs and their critical issues. Finally, the last section summarizes some prototypes developed for sorption heat storage systems.

show abstract

“…Clearly, the host matrix must be highly porous, so as to host a considerable amount of salt crystals. At the same time, the matrix porosity must not be filled completely with the active material, otherwise the water vapour flow reveals problematic and the solution formed inside the pores can leak out due to the volume expansion 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis

Lavagna

Burlon

Nisticò

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lack of robust and low-cost sorbent materials still represents a formidable technological barrier for long-term storage of (renewable) thermal energy and more generally for Adsorptive Heat Transformations—AHT. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing cement-based composite sorbent materials. In fact, considering the number of available hygrosopic salts that can be accommodated into a cementitious matrix—whose morphological properties can be also fine-tuned—the new proposed in situ synthesis paves the way to the generation of an entire new class of possible sorbents for AHT. Here, solely focusing on magnesium sulfate in a class G cement matrix, we show preliminary morphological, mechanical and calorimetric characterization of sub-optimal material samples. Our analysis enables us to theoretically estimate one of the most important figures of merit for the considered applications, namely the energy density which was found to range within 0.088–0.2 GJ/m 3 (for the best tested sample) under reasonable operating conditions for space heating applications and temperate climate. The above estimates are found to be lower than other composite materials in the literature. Nonetheless, although no special material optimization has been implemented, our samples already compare favourably with most of the known materials in terms of specific cost of stored energy. Finally, an interesting aspect is found in the ageing tests under water sorption-desorption cycling, where a negligible variation in the adsorption capability is demonstrated after over one-hundred cycles.

show abstract

Developed Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Synthesis and Characterization

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Survey Summary on Salts Hydrates and Composites Used in Thermochemical Sorption Heat Storage: A Review

Survey Summary on Salts Hydrates and Composites Used in Thermochemical Sorption Heat Storage: A Review

Review of Technologies and Recent Advances in Low-Temperature Sorption Thermal Storage Systems

Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About