T o challenge the Taiwan Ministry of Education's (TMOE) dominant enforcement of a personenvironment fit model, the Chinese Career Research Center incorporated yin-yang alternation principles from the Classic of Changes (I Ching, Yi Jing or ) to develop the model of career development touching the sky yet grounded (TSG) and corresponding practice guidelines, a career website (CCN), and four career service projects. Using Lewin's (1946) cyclical-spiral process of action research, CCN and TSG service projects were promoted to complement the TMOE's fit model, and feedback was utilised to revise our TSG model and its applications. Yin-yang alternation principles and the four stages of chien (the creative) from the Classic of Changes were applied to develop social action strategies. Social change was indicated by counsellors' and students' changes in their career views, as well as the TMOE's direct financial support for TSG service projects. This progress is encouraging for whoever is interested in developing culture-inclusive indigenous psychology with practical outcomes.Keywords: career development, career counselling, Chinese philosophy, Classic of Changes (Yi Jing), indigenous psychology
Social Problems and Research PurposesIn this fast-paced world, change has become the only certainty in most people's career path. Both Miller (1995) and Trevor-Roberts (2006) point out that the career congruence model from modernism has limitations in coping with career uncertainty. Empirical evidence supports how individuals' career development has been gradually shifted from a traditional linear pattern to boundaryless/protean patterns (Bussolari & Goodell, 2009;Forrier, Sels, & Stynen, 2009;Harrison, 2006;Stoltz, Wolff, Monroe, Mazahreh, & Farris, 2013), within which certainty and perceived continuity needed to be constructed by recognising or appreciating change (Adams, 2006;Pryor & Bright, 2003a). Career development has been reframed as a process of choosing an educational or occupational route for 'identity investments' (Wijers & Meijers, 1996). Meanwhile, the Taiwan Ministry of Education (TMOE) has been promoting a focus on higher education's function in vocational practicality in training to Address for correspondence: Changhua City, Changhua County, 50058 Taiwan. Email: gushliu@cc.ncue.edu.tw meet the job market's needs ( ). The TMOE has also sponsored a career website, the Career and Competency Assessment Network (UCAN), and enforced its use in all colleges and universities in Taiwan. Additionally, employability has been listed as one criterion to evaluate the performance of colleges/universities; hence, many colleges/universities have revised their academic curriculum to meet the job demands of business and industry. As a result, college-level academic teaching has in some ways become job skill training. The focus of college career assistance has also dramatically shifted from career exploration and development to vocational decision-making and employability enhancement.A similar TMOE policy has been enforced in ...