Developing a specialty: J.S. Lundy's three major contributions to anesthesiology

Ellis, Terry A.; Narr, Bradly J.; Bacon, Douglas R.

doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2003.07.005

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It should be also noted that criteria for general anaesthesia are not consistent between studies and that behaviours observed during induction and to assess depth may differ between species. 439 Moreover, studies of general anaesthesia in cephalopods have investigated single agents and the familiar concept of 'balanced anaesthesia' involving more than one agent, used in mammalian studies (for reference see 409,442 ) has not been explored in cephalopods (but see exceptions in Packard 200,443 ).…”

Section: General Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies of general anaesthesia in cephalopods have investigated single agents and the familiar concept of ‘balanced anaesthesia’ involving more than one agent, used in mammalian studies (for reference see 409,442 ) has not been explored in cephalopods (but see exceptions in Packard 200,443 ).…”

Section: Scientific Procedures Severity and Harm-benefit Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

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Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

et al. 2015

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This paper is the result of an international initiative and is a first attempt to develop guidelines for the care and welfare of cephalopods (i.e. nautilus, cuttlefish, squid and octopus) following the inclusion of this Class of ∼700 known living invertebrate species in Directive 2010/63/EU. It aims to provide information for investigators, animal care committees, facility managers and animal care staff which will assist in improving both the care given to cephalopods, and the manner in which experimental procedures are carried out. Topics covered include: implications of the Directive for cephalopod research; project application requirements and the authorisation process; the application of the 3Rs principles; the need for harm-benefit assessment and severity classification. Guidelines and species-specific requirements are provided on: i. supply, capture and transport; ii. environmental characteristics and design of facilities (e.g. water quality control, lighting requirements, vibration/noise sensitivity); iii. accommodation and care (including tank design), animal handling, feeding and environmental enrichment; iv. assessment of health and welfare (e.g. monitoring biomarkers, physical and behavioural signs); v. approaches to severity assessment; vi. disease (causes, prevention and treatment); vii. scientific procedures, general anaesthesia and analgesia, methods of humane killing and confirmation of death. Sections covering risk assessment for operators and education and training requirements for carers, researchers and veterinarians are also included. Detailed aspects of care and welfare requirements for the main laboratory species currently used are summarised in Appendices. Knowledge gaps are highlighted to prompt research to enhance the evidence base for future revision of these guidelines.

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Section: General Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scientific Procedures Severity and Harm-benefit Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

et al. 2015

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“…Balanced anesthetic protocols not only led to unconsciousness but also ensure muscle relaxation, analgesia, and stable cardiorespiratory function. 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premedication with fentanyl-midazolam improves sevoflurane anesthesia for surgical intervention in laboratory mice

Lipiski

Arras

Jirkof

et al. 2017

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Balanced anesthesia allows for a reduced dosage of each component, while inducing general anesthesia of sufficient depth with potentially fewer side effects. Here, we compare two anesthetic protocols combining sevoflurane anesthesia with pre-medication (ketamine [K] or fentanyl-midazolam [FM]) to a sevoflurane monoanesthesia (S) concerning their ability to provide reliable anesthesia suitable for moderate surgery in laboratory mice. Twenty-one female C57BL/6J mice assigned randomly to one of three protocols underwent a 50-min anesthesia and a sham embryo transfer. Heart rate and core body temperature were continuously recorded by telemetry intra-operatively and for three days pre- and three days post-surgery. Intra-operative respiratory rate was determined by counting thorax movements. Body weight, food, and water intake were measured daily for three days pre- and three days post-surgery. The heart rate in the KS group remained at baseline level throughout the 50-min of anesthesia and surgery. FMS caused a lower heart rate and S alone caused a higher heart rate compared to baseline values. Intra-operative body temperature was at baseline levels in all groups. A decreased respiratory rate was observed in all groups compared to baseline values obtained from resting mice of the same strain, sex and age-distribution. Surgical stimuli induced no significant changes in heart rate and respiratory rate in the KS or FMS group but significant respiratory alteration in the S group compared to baseline values obtained 10 s before applying the stimulus. Post-operative heart rate was above baseline values in all groups; with a significant deviation in the S group. There were no changes in body weight, food, and water intake. In summary, FMS was superior to KS and S for moderate surgery in laboratory mice resulting in less inter-individual variability in response to painful stimuli. Fentanyl and midazolam reduced the depressant effect of sevoflurane on the respiratory rate and the negative post-anesthetic effects on the heart rate. Impact statement With approximately 65 million animals used per year mice are still the most prevalent laboratory mammal species worldwide. In course of biomedical research projects approximately 40% of mice will undergo one or more short or long-term anesthesia. Sufficient anesthetic depth, cardiovascular stability, adequate analgesia, and short recovery times are essential requirements of anesthetic protocols to meet animal welfare. Anesthesia in mice and rats are only to be performed by personnel with appropriate basic training and experience. However, more and more adapted and advanced anesthetic protocols, required to answer very specific scientific questions, often exceed the skills acquired through basic training and present a major challenge to researchers. It is therefore of great importance to further develop and evaluate safe and reliable anesthetic protocols as presented in this study to provide new perspectives on this challenging problem.

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“…One of Lundy's early goals was to earn anesthesia recognition as a medical specialty and, with this in mind, he emphasized scientific advancement through clinical and laboratory research. 3 …”

Section: Regional Anesthesia Arrives At the Mayo Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procaine and Local Anesthetic Toxicity

Jacob

Kovac

2017

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

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In 1924, the Therapeutic Research Committee of the American Medical Association appointed a special committee to investigate deaths following the administration of local anesthetics. The Committee for the Study of Toxic Effects of Local Anesthetics found procaine, although a safer clinical alternative to cocaine, was capable of causing death when large doses were injected into tissues and advised that it should be used with caution. This article describes a collaboration beginning in 1928 between Dr John Lundy of the Mayo Clinic and Dr Robert Isenberger of the University of Kansas, which arose from a controversy surrounding systemic adverse reactions to procaine. Isenberger then traveled to the Mayo Clinic to conduct research on various procaine local and spinal anesthesia doses and sodium amytal's protective effect against procaine-induced toxicity. Lundy and Isenberger's work would add to the ongoing discovery of systemic reactions to local anesthetics.

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Developing a specialty: J.S. Lundy's three major contributions to anesthesiology

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

Premedication with fentanyl-midazolam improves sevoflurane anesthesia for surgical intervention in laboratory mice

Procaine and Local Anesthetic Toxicity

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