Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Lerman, Dorothea C.; Iwata, Brian A.

doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-345

Cited by 189 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 238 publications

(320 reference statements)

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“…For example, Lerman and Iwata (1996) noted that therapists often implement extinction merely by changing their behavior and that, under such an arrangement, there is a shift from baseline to treatment contingencies while many of the stimuli associated with both remain constant. The results obtained in this study indicate that an interesting avenue for future research would be to determine whether faster treatment effects are obtained if baseline and treatment sessions are correlated with highly salient S D s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responding in the Presence and Absence of Discriminative Stimuli During Multielement Functional Analyses

Conners

Iwata

Kahng

et al. 2000

J of App Behav Analysis

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We evaluated the extent to which discriminative stimuli (S D s) facilitate differential responding during multielement functional analyses. Eight individuals, all diagnosed with mental retardation and referred for assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or aggression, participated. Functional analyses consisted of four or five assessment conditions alternated in multielement designs. Each condition was initially correlated with a specific therapist and a specific room color (S D s), and sessions continued until higher rates of target behaviors were consistently observed under a specific test condition. In a subsequent analysis, the programmed S D s were removed (i.e., all conditions were now conducted by the same therapist in the same room), and sessions continued until differential responding was observed or until twice as many sessions were conducted with the S D s absent (as opposed to present), whichever came first. Results indicated that the inclusion of programmed S D s facilitated discrimination among functional analysis conditions for half of the participants. These results suggest that the inclusion of salient cues may increase either the efficiency of functional analyses or the likelihood of obtaining clear assessment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responding in the Presence and Absence of Discriminative Stimuli During Multielement Functional Analyses

Conners

Iwata

Kahng

et al. 2000

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…Previous investigations have evaluated the efficacy of extinction procedures in the reduction of aberrant behavior (Lerman & Iwata, 1996). The use of extinction has been associated with a number of behavioral patterns including a temporary increase in response frequency (Iwata, Pace, Kalsher, Cowdery, & Cataldo, 1990) and extinction-induced aggression (Goh & Iwata, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Choice Making in the Assessment of Young Children With Severe Behavior Problems

Harding

Wacker

Berg

et al. 1999

J of App Behav Analysis

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We examined how positive and negative reinforcement influenced time allocation, occurrence of problem behavior, and completion of parent instructions during a concurrent choice assessment with 2 preschool-aged children who displayed severe problem behavior in their homes. The children were given a series of concurrent choice options that varied availability of parent attention, access to preferred toys, and presentation of parent instructions. The results showed that both children consistently allocated their time to choice areas that included parent attention when no instructions were presented. When parent attention choice areas included the presentation of instructions, the children displayed differential patterns of behavior that appeared to be influenced by the presence or absence of preferred toys. The results extended previous applications of reinforcer assessment procedures by analyzing the relative influence of both positive and negative reinforcement within a concurrent-operants paradigm.DESCRIPTORS: choice making, preschool children, problem behaviorA number of applied investigations have evaluated the variables that influence choice with the goal of achieving better clinical outcomes in the reduction of problematic behavior (Fisher & Mazur, 1997). These studies have used a concurrent-operants arrangement in which two or more behaviors are concurrently available and each is correlated with an independent schedule of reinforcement. For example, investigators have examined various reinforcement dimensions (e.g., reinforcement rate, delay, and quality) to determine whether they have similar efThis research was supported by Grant R01-HD 29402 from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of that agency. The authors express their appreciation to the families who participated in this study. We also express our appreciation to Agnes DeRaad, Barbara Rankin, and Anjali Barretto for manuscript preparation.Jennifer Asmus is now at the University of Florida. Address correspondence and requests for reprints to Jay Harding, University Hospital School, Room 251, 100 Hawkins Drive, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242. fects in natural settings (e.g., Mace, Neef, Shade, & Mauro, 1994;Neef, Mace, & Shade, 1993;Neef, Shade, & Miller, 1994). As discussed by Neef et al. (1994), response alternatives in natural contexts are often asymmetrical across reinforcer dimensions. For example, an investigation by Neef et al. (1993) with students diagnosed as seriously emotionally disturbed showed that delays to reinforcement produced a bias toward the response alternative (choice) that provided more immediate access to reinforcement. A subsequent study by Neef et al. (1994) evaluated how specified reinforcer dimensions combined to influence the time allocated to two concurrent sets of math problems for youths with learning and behavior difficulties. The results showed that student resp...

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“…Studies have noted several problematic characteristics when behaviors are exposed to an extinction procedure including the extinction burst; indirect effects such as aggression, emotional responding, as well as resurgence of previously reinforced behavior; and spontaneous recovery of the behavior undergoing extinction (Lerman & Iwata, 1996). It has also been suggested that the negative side effects induced by escape extinction may deter caregivers from attempting to implement or wanting to implement such a procedure (Penrod et al, 2010).…”

Section: Alternative Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Choice Between Nonpreferred Foods on the Food Consumption of Individuals with Food Selectivity

Fernand

Penrod

et al. 2015

Behavioral Interventions

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Previous research has concluded that presenting individuals with the opportunity to choose is a viable treatment for general escape-maintained behavior. Considering food refusal has been generally described as avoidant behavior, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of choice between non-preferred foods on the food consumption and problematic mealtime behavior of two children with food selectivity. Each participant was allowed to choose between four non-preferred foods in the choice condition and was not allowed to choose in the no-choice condition. Further, the role of choice as an antecedent manipulation in mediating the negative effects of escape extinction was evaluated when choice alone was demonstrated to be ineffective in increasing consumption. Results indicated that providing choices is an effective non-aversive intervention strategy in increasing the food consumption of individuals with food vi selectivity as well as advantageous in decreasing the negative side-effects of more intrusive consequence interventions when necessary to implement.

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Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Cited by 189 publications

References 238 publications

Differential Responding in the Presence and Absence of Discriminative Stimuli During Multielement Functional Analyses

Differential Responding in the Presence and Absence of Discriminative Stimuli During Multielement Functional Analyses

An Analysis of Choice Making in the Assessment of Young Children With Severe Behavior Problems

The Effects of Choice Between Nonpreferred Foods on the Food Consumption of Individuals with Food Selectivity

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