“…Health disparities persist and for many diseases and populations are registering disturbing increases (Williams, 2012) despite targeted efforts (Institute of Medicine, 2003, 2012) and ongoing research (Ashing et al, 2015; Best et al, 2015; Fleisher et al, 2016; Gwede et al, 2015; Lu et al, 2015; Meade et al, 2015; Sly et al, 2015). Recent reports document widening health inequities in overall life expectancy (Kochanek et al, 2015; Olshansky et al, 2012) and specific diseases such as a widening disparity in breast cancer mortality between African Americans 1 and whites (DeSantis et al, 2016), increasing diabetes incidence among individuals with the lowest income and education levels (Beckles & Chou, 2013), and worsening burden of sexually transmitted infections and cancer among men who have sex with men (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015; Quinn et al, 2015).…”