“…If destination competitiveness is regarded as an outcome, or tourists’ perceptions of the destinations, several of its antecedents can influence either supply or demand. On the supply side, representative antecedents were found to include destination branding (Miličević et al , 2017), the business environment (Ivanov and Ivanova, 2016), sustainability (Cucculelli and Goffi, 2016; Dodds and Holmes, 2020) and environmental value (Esparon et al , 2015), quality of government and support (Lee, 2015; Moradi et al , 2022a, 2022b), education and training (Andrades and Dimanche, 2019) and innovative technologies (Cimbaljević et al , 2019; Milićević et al , 2020a, 2020b). Other antecedents were less evident, including consumer protection legislation (Petrovic and Milicevic, 2017), crisis management (Xu et al , 2021) and corruption (negative, Kubickova and Smith, 2019).…”