Developing eco-friendly biofungicide for the management of major seed borne diseases of rice and assessing their physical stability and storage life

Abstract

Three plant oils (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon martini, and Pelargonium graveolens) were developed as EC formulations and tested for their physical stabilities. EC formulations (10EC, 20EC and 30EC) of C. citratus, C. martini and P. graveolens had emulsion stability, spontaneity property, heat and cold stability. EC formulated plant oils were screened against the major seed borne fungi of rice such as Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris oryzae, and Sarocladium oryzae. The level of inhibition varied among the concentrations of EC formulations. Among the three EC formulations, that of C. citratus oil 30EC recorded 100% inhibition on the mycelial growth of test pathogens. In the blotter paper method, rice seeds treated with a formulation of C. citratus oil 30EC controlled the infection of C. lunata, F. moniliforme, B. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seed to the tune of 66.0%, 60.4%, 66.0% and 69.1%, respectively. Seed soaking with formulation of C. citratus oil 30EC showed the highest percentage of normal seedlings, the lowest number of abnormal seedling and fresh ungerminated seeds when tested with the roll-towel method. Seed soaking with 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil increased seed germination, shoot length, root length and vigour of rice seedlings when tested with the plastic tray method. Transmission of pathogens from seed to seedling was reduced significantly by the 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil when tested with the plastic pot method. The effect of the storage life of the 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil showed that it had retained their antifungal effect till the end of the incubation period (120 days), and is able to inhibit the mycelial growth of all test pathogens to the 100% level.

Evaluation of Seven Essential Oils as Seed Treatments against Seedborne Fungal Pathogens of Cucurbita maxima

“…Here, the seed treatment with 0.5 mg/mL C. citratus essential oil significantly increased the plantlet emergence, reduced the incidence of seedborne S. cucurbitacearum for the various parts of the plantlets, without any significant differences compared to the fungicides. Naveenkumar et al [54] reported that for Oryza sativa (rice) seedlings, a C. citratus essential oil increased the seed germination, shoot length, root length, and vigor. Also, a C. citratus essential oil was shown to reduce the severity of S. cucurbitacearum infections in melon plants [34].…”

Hongos Asociados Al Manchado Del Grano Del Arroz: Una Revisión

“…Se ha reportado en Bangladés (Naher et al, 2016), Chad (Signaboubo et al, 2016), Cuba (Duarte et al, 2014), Egipto (Ibrahim et al, 2014, India (Naveenkumar et al, 2017), Irán (Monajjem et al, 2014), México (Hernández-Arenas et al, 2012), Nepal (Pandey et al, 2020), Nigeria (Yusuf et al, 2018), Pakistán (Aurangzeb et al, 2014) y Tanzania (Kwaloe et al, 2018). Este hongo ocasiona el bakanae del arroz, pudrición de raíz y corona, ahogamiento, etiolación, atrofia, hipertrofia, panículas con granos vanos, esterilidad y granos manchados (Bashyal, 2018;Franco et al, 2018).…”

Isolation and identification of seed borne mycoflora associated with popular rice cultivars in North East India

“…But one of the major constrains in rice production is diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes; and are responsible for major economic losses in India (Mew and Gonzales, 2003). As such rice, is known to be affected by as many as a total of 153 seedborne pathogens among which 18% are of quarantine importance, 65% are native pathogen and 17% are storage pathogens (Naveenkumar, 2017) in India. Agrawal (1999) reported more than 50 fungal pathogens to be seed-borne in rice.…”