Developing the Next Generation of NPL Kibble Balances

Robinson, Ian; Berry, James; Bull, C. Michael; Jarvis, Charles E.; Lovelock, P; Lucas, Christopher J.; Urquhart, Jeannie; Webster, Emily; Williams, Perdi

doi:10.1109/cpem.2018.8501149

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Kibble balance also shows great potential for small mass measurement, down to gram level [73]. The Kibble balance for mass calibration under 100 g can be realized in a simple and tabletop design [74]. Compared to the conventional calibration path (1kg-100g-10g-1g), a smallmass Kibble balance shortens the measurement chain and has a potential in the future to reduce the uncertainty loss during the transfer.…”

Section: Mass and Force Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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A milestone revision of the International System of Units (SI) was made at the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures that four of the seven SI base units, i.e. kilogram, ampere, kelvin, and mole, are redefined by fundamental physical constants of nature. The SI base unit founding the electrical measurement activities, i.e. ampere, is defined by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to e = 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 C. For electrical measurement, several major adjustments, mostly positive, are involved in this SI revision. In this paper, the main impacts of the new SI for electrical measurement activities are surveyed under the new framework.

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Section: Mass and Force Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…One of the most exciting trends for future Kibble balances is toward smaller, more compact devices. In the recent past, several national metrology institutes (NMIs) have launched tabletop Kibble balance projects that aim to realize masses from grams to kilograms [12], [24]- [27]. One major thrust of the work is designing a smaller magnet system, ideally, systems that weigh only a few tens of kilograms or less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…kilogram, to the Planck constant h with relative uncertainties of a few parts in 10 8 . In the revised international system of units (SI), the Kibble balance is one of the major instruments for realizing the mass at the kilogram level and below [3]- [12]. Details of the Kibble balance can be found in recent review papers in the field, for example, [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Uncertainties for Compact Kibble Balances: An Investigation

Schlamminger

2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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The Kibble balance has become one of the major instruments for realizing the mass unit, the kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). Researchers at about a dozen national metrology institutes are actively working with Kibble balances that are capable of weighing masses with nominal values from 10 g to 1 kg. In the future, the design of smaller Kibble balances will play a more significant role. Smaller Kibble balances require smaller magnet systems, and here we investigate the scaling of systematic uncertainties with the size of the magnet system. We describe the size dependence of three magnetic effects: the coil-inductance effect, the yoke nonlinear effect, and the thermal effect. The analysis shows that the relative systematic effects become increasingly larger with smaller sizes. For small magnets the thermal effects become dominant and, hence, a good thermal design is imperative.

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“…Combining the MEMS current balance system with interferometry is a unique and fully metrological solution. A Kibble balance is the primary standard for 1 kg (10 kN) determination [23,24]. The latest literature reports present a miniaturized version of that construction [25] that allows the measurement of hundreds of micrograms (single millinewtons).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon force microelectromechanical system cantilever combined with a fibre optic system as a measurement technique for optomechanical studies

Orłowska

Świadkowski

Sierakowski

et al. 2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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In this paper we present a metrological measurement technique that is a combination of fibre optic interferometry and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor for photon force (PF) measurement with traceability via an electromagnetic way. The main advantage of the presented method is the reference to the current balance, which is the primary mass/force metrological standard. The MEMS cantilever is a transducer of the photon force to the deflection that can be compensated with the use of the Lorentz force. This movement is measured with the use of the interferometer and does not require any mechanical calibration. Combining the MEMS current balance system with the interferometry is then the unique and fully metrological solution. The resolution of the proposed measurement technique is calculated to be 4 pN//Hz^(0.5) (2% uncertainty). The PF–MEMS used for the investigation is the cantilever with the resolution of 46 fN/Hz0.5, which was calculated from the thermomechanical noise, and is far below the whole system resolution limit. As far as the whole construction is based on the fibre optic system, it does not require any complex adjustment procedure and may work as an optomechanical reference in any metrological laboratory.

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Developing the Next Generation of NPL Kibble Balances

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

Magnetic Uncertainties for Compact Kibble Balances: An Investigation

Photon force microelectromechanical system cantilever combined with a fibre optic system as a measurement technique for optomechanical studies

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Developing the Next Generation of NPL Kibble Balances

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

From μ 0 to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

From μ 0 to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

Magnetic Uncertainties for Compact Kibble Balances: An Investigation

Photon force microelectromechanical system cantilever combined with a fibre optic system as a measurement technique for optomechanical studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision

From μ ₀ to e: A Survey of Major Impacts for Electrical Measurements in Recent SI Revision