Developing the world’s largest CO2 Injection System – a history of the Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection System

Trupp, Mark; Ryan, Scott; Mendoza, Ishtar Barranco; León, Daniel Ponce de; Scoby-Smith, Leigh

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3815492

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The findings of this study provide guidance on the two parameters that must be considered to reliably evaluate CCS projects from pressureand space-limited perspectives. However, additional studies are needed to gain further insights into the fate of the injected CO 2 region beyond the spill point, as well as to develop an integrated model with rock mechanics (Masson-Delmotte et al, 2018;Trupp et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquifer size and formation fracture pressure on CO2 geological storage capacity

Jung,

Lee

2024

Front. Energy Res.

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Introduction: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is important for achieving net-zero carbon emissions. However, although the current geological storage capacity stands at approximately 3,000 Gt-CO2, the formation pressure increases with CO2 injection, imposing severe constraints on capacity from a geomechanical perspective. This study numerically examined nine cases (combinations of three fracture pressures and three aquifer radius factors) through sensitivity analysis to quantify the effects of these parameters on CO2 injection mass and storage capacity.Methods: The CO2 injection mass was determined as the cumulative CO2 injected until the formation pressure reached a specified fracture pressure. Storage capacity was defined as the amount of CO2 enclosed within the reservoir based on a fill-and-spill analysis encompassing 200 years after the start of injection (2230).Results: Based on the sensitivity analysis, the aquifer radius had a greater impact on the CO2 injection mass and storage capacity than the fracture pressure. A sufficiently high aquifer radius factor can compensate for the capacity limitations imposed by a low fracture pressure. For the lowest fracture pressure (20.95 MPa), considering a safety factor of 0.8, the CO2 injection mass increased approximately 5.5 times, from 3.2 to 17.6 Mt-CO2, depending on the aquifer radius factor ranging from 2 to 7.Discussion: Therefore, geological sites with high aquifer radius factors and low fracture pressures were preferred over those with low aquifer radius factors and high fracture pressures. Nevertheless, when considering space-limited capacity, storage efficiency, defined as the ratio of injected to stored CO2, tends to be higher (approximately 80%) when both parameters are low. The scenario featuring the highest aquifer radius factor and fracture pressure reached an injection mass of 68.9 Mt-CO2. However, the storage efficiency was only 23% due to space constraints. This study provides key insights into two pivotal parameters from pressure- and space-limited perspectives, which must be collectively considered to reliably evaluate CCS projects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquifer size and formation fracture pressure on CO2 geological storage capacity

Jung,

Lee

2024

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Multiple wells would be required to store larger quantities of CO 2 from larger emission sources. For example, the Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection project in Australia includes 17 wells 75 . However, large emission sources often have numerous existing water disposals wells nearby that can potentially be incorporated in the carbon storage strategy to reduce the initial cost 68 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential of solubility trapping in unconfined aquifers for subsurface carbon storage

Addassi

Omar

Hoteit

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Carbon capture and storage projects need to be greatly accelerated to attenuate the rate and degree of global warming. Due to the large volume of carbon that will need to be stored, it is likely that the bulk of this storage will be in the subsurface via geologic storage. To be effective, subsurface carbon storage needs to limit the potential for CO2 leakage from the reservoir to a minimum. Water-dissolved CO2 injection can aid in this goal. Water-dissolved CO2 tends to be denser than CO2-free water, and its injection leads immediate solubility storage in the subsurface. To assess the feasibility and limits of water-dissolved CO2 injection coupled to subsurface solubility storage, a suite of geochemical modeling calculations based on the TOUGHREACT computer code were performed. The modelled system used in the calculations assumed the injection of 100,000 metric tons of water-dissolved CO2 annually for 100 years into a hydrostatically pressured unreactive porous rock, located at 800 to 2000 m below the surface without the presence of a caprock. This system is representative of an unconfined sedimentary aquifer. Most calculated scenarios suggest that the injection of CO2 charged water leads to the secure storage of injected CO2 so long as the water to CO2 ratio is no less than ~ 24 to 1. The identified exception is when the salinity of the original formation water substantially exceeds the salinity of the CO2-charged injection water. The results of this study indicate that unconfined aquifers, a generally overlooked potential carbon storage host, could provide for the subsurface storage of substantial quantities of CO2.

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“…The sealing unit is the basal Barrow Group shale. Since starting gas injection in 2019, more than four million tons of CO 2 have been injected into the Dupuy Formation as of January 2021 [181].…”

Section: Natural Gas Co 2 and Hydrogen Underground Storage Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground Gas Storage in Saline Aquifers: Geological Aspects

Uliasz-Misiak,

Misiak

2024

Energies

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Energy, gases, and solids in underground sites are stored in mining excavations, natural caverns, salt caverns, and in the pore spaces of rock formations. Aquifer formations are mainly isolated aquifers with significant spreading, permeability, and thickness, possessing highly mineralized non-potable waters. This study discusses the most important aspects that determine the storage of natural gas, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide in deep aquifers. In particular, the selection and characterization of the structure chosen for underground storage, the storage capacity, and the safety of the process are considered. The choice of underground sites is made on the basis of the following factors and criteria: geological, technical, economic, environmental, social, political, or administrative–legal. The geological and dynamic model of the storage site is then drawn based on the characteristics of the structure. Another important factor in choosing a structure for the storage of natural gas, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide is its capacity. In addition to the type and dimensions of the structure and the petrophysical parameters of the reservoir rock, the storage capacity is influenced by the properties of the stored gases and the operating parameters of the storage facility. Underground gas storage is a process fraught with natural and technical hazards. Therefore, the geological integrity of the structure under consideration should be documented and verified. This article also presents an analysis of the location and the basic parameters of gas storage and carbon dioxide storage facilities currently operating in underground aquifers. To date, there have been no successful attempts to store hydrogen under analogous conditions. This is mainly due to the parameters of this gas, which are associated with high requirements for its storage.

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Developing the world’s largest CO2 Injection System – a history of the Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection System

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of aquifer size and formation fracture pressure on CO2 geological storage capacity

Effects of aquifer size and formation fracture pressure on CO2 geological storage capacity

Assessing the potential of solubility trapping in unconfined aquifers for subsurface carbon storage

Underground Gas Storage in Saline Aquifers: Geological Aspects

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