Development and Analysis of a Hydroxyapatite Supplemented Calcium Silicate Cement for Endodontic Treatment

Yong, David Ong Cherk; Choi, Joanne Jung Eun; Cathro, Peter; Cooper, Paul R.; Dias, George J.; Huang, Jeffrey; Ratnayake, Jithendra

doi:10.3390/ma15031176

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, these nanoparticles severely declined the number of viable (alive) fibroblast cells. The morphological changes, including pore formation and degradation, were similar to previous research on these materials ( Figure 15 ) [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of Currently Available Nanoparticle Synthesis Routes on Their Biocompatibility with Fibroblast Cell Lines

et al. 2022

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Nanotechnology has acquired significance in dental applications, but its safety regarding human health is still questionable due to the chemicals utilized during various synthesis procedures. Titanium nanoparticles were produced by three novel routes, including Bacillus subtilis, Cassia fistula and hydrothermal heating, and then characterized for shape, phase state, size, surface roughness, elemental composition, texture and morphology by SEM, TEM, XRD, AFM, DRS, DLS and FTIR. These novel titanium nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity through the MTT assay. L929 mouse fibroblast cells were used to test the cytotoxicity of the prepared titanium nanoparticles. Cell suspension of 10% DMEM with 1 × 104 cells was seeded in a 96-well plate and incubated. Titanium nanoparticles were used in a 1 mg/mL concentration. Control (water) and titanium nanoparticles stock solutions were prepared with 28 microliters of MTT dye and poured into each well, incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. Readings were recorded on day 1, day 15, day 31, day 41 and day 51. The results concluded that titanium nanoparticles produced by Bacillus subtilis remained non-cytotoxic because cell viability was >90%. Titanium nanoparticles produced by Cassia fistula revealed mild cytotoxicity on day 1, day 15 and day 31 because cell viability was 60–90%, while moderate cytotoxicity was found at day 41 and day 51, as cell viability was 30–60%. Titanium nanoparticles produced by hydrothermal heating depicted mild cytotoxicity on day 1 and day 15; moderate cytotoxicity on day 31; and severe cytotoxicity on day 41 and day 51 because cell viability was less than 30% (p < 0.001). The current study concluded that novel titanium nanoparticles prepared by Bacillus subtilis were the safest, more sustainable and most biocompatible for future restorative nano-dentistry purposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of Currently Available Nanoparticle Synthesis Routes on Their Biocompatibility with Fibroblast Cell Lines

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, ZrO 2 is bioinert, biocompatible, and widely used in the repair of dental and skeletal tissues [ 17 ]. A fixed ratio of 35% wt ZrO 2 was used for all tested samples, as prior research indicated that the addition of ZrO 2 in concentrations above 20% wt results in radiopacity equal to or exceeding that of MTA [ 13 ]. Of the five investigated samples, the proportion of COS solution in Samples 1 and 2 was too high; as a result, the BHA and ZrO 2 powders demonstrated sedimentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the dissolution of the set material in HBSS indicates that the material is likely to separate into its individual components over time in the presence of fluid. This is less relevant for the placement of the material, as CPT is conducted under dental dam isolation, which reduces the potential for washing out the material during its placement [ 13 ]. However, the breakdown of the material over time within the pulp chamber could lead to microleaks in the absence of a good orifice barrier and permanent restoration [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different blends of COS, BHA, and zirconium oxide (Sigma Aldrich, New Zealand) (ZrO 2 ) were tested, altering the proportion via the weight of the COS solution and BHA to find the ratio that yielded the most promising results as a potential injectable pulp-capping material. ZrO 2 was added into the blend at a fixed ratio of 35% by weight for all the samples as a radiopacifier [ 13 ]. A 2% (wt) COS solution was produced by dissolving 1 g of the synthesised COS powder into 49 mL of 0.2% acetic acid solution that solubilised the COS powder better than pure distilled water did alone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of a Novel Injectable Chitosan Oligosaccharide—Bovine Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Dental Biocomposite for the Purposes of Conservative Pulp Therapy

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to develop injectable chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) hybrid biocomposites, and characterise their physiochemical properties for use as a dental pulp-capping material. The COS powder was prepared from chitosan through hydrolytic reactions and then dissolved in 0.2% acetic acid to create a solution. BHA was obtained from waste bovine bone and milled to form a powder. The BHA powder was incorporated with the COS solution at different proportions to create the COS–BHA hybrid biocomposite. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) powder was included in the blend as a radiopacifier. The composite was characterised to evaluate its physiochemical properties, radiopacity, setting time, solubility, and pH. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the COS–BHA biocomposite shows the characteristic peaks of COS and hydroxyapatite. Compositional analysis via ICP-MS and SEM-EDX shows the predominant elements present to be the constituents of COS, BHA, and ZrO2. The hybrid biocomposite demonstrated an average setting time of 1 h and 10 min and a pH value of 10. The biocomposite demonstrated solubility when placed in a physiological solution. Radiographically, the set hybrid biocomposite appears to be more radiopaque than the commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The developed COS-BHA hybrid biocomposite demonstrated good potential as a pulp-capping agent exhibiting high pH, with a greater radiopacity and reduced setting time compared to MTA. Solubility of the biocomposite may be addressed in future studies with the incorporation of a cross-linking agent. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to evaluate its clinical feasibility.

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“…Hydroxyapatite stands out due to its versatility and can be synthesized from various natural sources including fish scales, animal bone bio-waste, natural gypsum, and calcite [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Air Contact And Distilled Water Distribution Method in The Conversion of Cao to Ca(OH)2 As A Precursor Hydroxyapatite Synthesis

Firnanelty,

Abubakar,

Qurniawan

et al. 2023

JKPK

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Eggshells containing CaCO3 have potential as bioceramics for several tissue engineering applications. The content of CaCO3 converted into Ca(OH)2 can be used as a precursor to implant material. The purpose of the study was to compare two methods of converting CaO into Ca(OH)2 as the primary material for making hydroxyapatite. The method used is direct contact with air and dissolution with water. Hydroxyapatite synthesis using Ca(OH)2 is calcined from CaCO3 with a sintering temperature of 900 °C. The result of calcination is in the form of CaO. The stages of obtaining Ca(OH)2 by converting CaO using two methods, namely direct contact with air and dissolution with water. The XRD characterization results obtained that Ca(OH)2 results from direct contact with air show the formation of phase (portlandite), which is characterized by its presence at the highest typical 2θ angles = 18.18°, 28.68°, 34.30°, 47.40°, 50.92°, 54.16°, and 62.62°. The XRD Ca(OH)2 pattern with the distilled water distribution process shows the formation of a phase (portlandite) characterized by its presence at angles of 2θ = 18.18°, 28.68°, 34.30°, 47.40°, 50.92°, 54.16°, and 62.62 °. The results of FTIR Ca(OH)2 characterization of air contact and water dissolution showed strong O-H functional groups at wave numbers 3643 cm-1 and 3642 cm-1, C-O groups at 1487 cm-1 and 1483 cm-1. This suggests that both methods can convert CaO to Ca(OH)2, which synthesizes hydroxyapatite. The hydroxyapatite characterization results obtained have met the standard.

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Development and Analysis of a Hydroxyapatite Supplemented Calcium Silicate Cement for Endodontic Treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of Currently Available Nanoparticle Synthesis Routes on Their Biocompatibility with Fibroblast Cell Lines

Effect of Currently Available Nanoparticle Synthesis Routes on Their Biocompatibility with Fibroblast Cell Lines

Investigation of a Novel Injectable Chitosan Oligosaccharide—Bovine Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Dental Biocomposite for the Purposes of Conservative Pulp Therapy

Comparison of Air Contact And Distilled Water Distribution Method in The Conversion of Cao to Ca(OH)2 As A Precursor Hydroxyapatite Synthesis

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