Development and application of a duplex PCR assay for detection of Crangon crangon bacilliform virus in populations of European brown shrimp ( Crangon crangon )

Eynde, Benigna Van; Christiaens, Olivier; Delbare, D.; Cooreman, Kris; Bateman, Kelly S.; Stentiford, Grant D.; Dullemans, A.M.; Oers, Monique M. van; Smagghe, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.006

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The ingestion of faeces may therefore serve as possible route of transmission for HgNV 47 . Latency within the host is a shared strategy true of several other shrimp viruses and supported by field data relating to the infection of the marine shrimp Crangon crangon by a putative nudivirus, where prevalence can reach 100% in wild populations 23,48,49 . Alternatively, HgNV may persist in reservoirs outside of its currently known host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…There is also evidence of ancestral nudivirus integration into the host genome ( Nilaparvata lugens endogenous nudivirus (NleNV)) 21 and a sister group of the nudiviruses, the bracoviruses, associated with Braconid wasp hosts, where viral genes are also integrated into the host genome 22 . Finally, a large DNA virus infecting the hepatopancreas of the European brown shrimp, Crangon crangon has also been proposed as a putative member of the Nudiviridae albeit based upon limited genomic information 23,24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae

Holt

Stone

Bass

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Viral diseases of crustaceans are increasingly recognised as challenges to shellfish farms and fisheries. Here we describe the first naturally-occurring virus reported in any clawed lobster species. Hypertrophied nuclei with emarginated chromatin, characteristic histopathological lesions of DNA virus infection, were observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of juvenile European lobsters ( Homarus gammarus ). Transmission electron microscopy revealed infection with a bacilliform virus containing a rod shaped nucleocapsid enveloped in an elliptical membrane. Assembly of PCR-free shotgun metagenomic sequencing produced a circular genome of 107,063 bp containing 97 open reading frames, the majority of which share sequence similarity with a virus infecting the black tiger shrimp: Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV). Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the new virus to be a novel member of the Nudiviridae: Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). Evidence of occlusion body formation, characteristic of PmNV and its closest relatives, was not observed, questioning the horizontal transmission strategy of HgNV outside of the host. We discuss the potential impacts of HgNV on juvenile lobster growth and mortality and present HgNV-specific primers to serve as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the virus in wild and farmed lobster stocks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae

Holt

Stone

Bass

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Once potentially dangerous viruses have been characterized, the possibility of expanding the duplex PCR detection tool to a multiplex PCR method should be investigated as well [30]. In the past, a multiplex RT-PCR assay was successfully designed for the detection of six important shrimp viruses, YHV, TSV, WSSV, HPV, IHHNV and MBV, in penaeid shrimp [65].…”

Section: Possible Causes For High Mortality In Aquaculture Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible cause of this uncontrollable mortality might be C. crangon bacilliform virus (CcBV). This virus is highly prevalent in wild C. crangon and it has been shown via histology in previous studies that there is a loss of structural integrity of the hepatopancreas causing possible dysfunction [2,29,30]. Besides CcBV, C. crangon possibly harbours multiple other viruses, which might become virulent in suboptimal aquaculture conditions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the virome of the European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon)

Eynde

Christiaens

Delbare

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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Crangon crangon is economically a very important species. Recently, promising culture attempts have been made, but a major problem is the uncontrollable mortality during the grow-out phase. As of yet, the life cycle of C. crangon is not closed in captivity so wild-caught individuals are used for further rearing. Therefore, it is important to investigate the virome of C. crangon both in wild-caught animals as in cultured animals. In recent years, next-generation-sequencing (NGS) technologies have been very important in the unravelling of the virome of a wide range of environments and matrices, such as soil, sea, potable water, but also of a wide range of animal species. This will be the first report of a virome study in C. crangon using NGS in combination with the NetoVIR protocol. The near complete genomes of 16 novel viruses were described, most of which were rather distantly related to unclassified viruses or viruses belonging to the Picornavirales, Bunyavirales Nudiviridae, Parvoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Tombusviridae, Narnaviridae, Nodaviridae, Sobemovirus. A difference in virome composition was observed between muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue, suggesting a distinct tissue tropism of several of these viruses. Some differences in the viral composition were noted between the cultured and wild shrimp, which could indicate that in sub-optimal aquaculture conditions some viruses become more abundant. This research showed that a plethora of unknown viruses is present in C. crangon and that more research is needed to determine which virus is potentially dangerous for the culture of C. crangon.

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“…The rod-shaped nucleocapsids are enveloped with a characteristic bulb shaped protuberance of the envelope at one end and measure 280 nm × 72 nm [ 21 ]. The virus has since been found to be ubiquitous within this species in European waters [ 22 , 23 ]. Similarly, Carcinus maenas bacilliform virus (CmBV) was described infecting the European shore crab from the Clyde and Tyne estuaries in the UK [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies

Bateman

Kerr

Stentiford

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Multiple enveloped viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids have been described, infecting the epithelial cell nuclei within the hepatopancreas tubules of crustaceans. These bacilliform viruses share the ultrastructural characteristics of nudiviruses, a specific clade of viruses infecting arthropods. Using histology, electron microscopy and high throughput sequencing, we characterise two further bacilliform viruses from aquatic hosts, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas). We assembled the full double stranded, circular DNA genome sequences of these viruses (~113 and 132 kbp, respectively). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses confirm that both belong within the family Nudiviridae but in separate clades representing nudiviruses found in freshwater and marine environments. We show that the three thymidine kinase (tk) genes present in all sequenced nudivirus genomes, thus far, were absent in the Crangon crangon nudivirus, suggesting there are twenty-eight core genes shared by all nudiviruses. Furthermore, the phylogenetic data no longer support the subdivision of the family Nudiviridae into four genera (Alphanudivirus to Deltanudivirus), as recently adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but rather shows two main branches of the family that are further subdivided. Our data support a recent proposal to create two subfamilies within the family Nudiviridae, each subdivided into several genera.

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Development and application of a duplex PCR assay for detection of Crangon crangon bacilliform virus in populations of European brown shrimp ( Crangon crangon )

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae

The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae

Exploration of the virome of the European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon)

Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies

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