Development and application of GC‐MS method for monitoring of long‐term exposure to the pesticide cypermethrin

Kavvalakis, Matthaios; Tzatzarakis, Manolis; Alegakis, Athanasios; Vynias, Dionysios; Tsakalof, Andreas; Tsatsakis, Aristidis

doi:10.1002/dta.1601

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, pesticides were developed to control pests for more and safe production, but several pesticides have presented prospective risks to human health and the environment. Kavvalakis et al 12 have reported residue of cypermethrin metabolites in rabbit hair. Nevertheless, only a few of these compounds are tested for molecular toxicity and carcinogenicity prior to their use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Cypermethrin in Hepatocarcinoma Cells: A Dose- and Time-Dependent Study

et al. 2018

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Most of the agricultural workers are potentially exposed to pesticides through different routes. Inhalation exposures may result in numerous diseases that can adversely affect an individual’s health and capacity to perform at work. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic potential of cypermethrin pesticide on cultured human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. The HepG2 cells were exposed to cypermethrin (0, 5, 15, 40 ng/mL) for 24 and 48 hours. We observed that cypermethrin caused cell death of HepG2 cells using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiozolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase tests. Furthermore, cypermethrin reduced HepG2 cells viability in a time and dose dependent basis, that was probably mediated through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. An increase in ROS generation with a concomitant increase in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cytochrome c and decrease in the antiapoptosis protein Bax suggested that a mitochondria-mediated pathway was involved in cypermethrin-induced apoptosis. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity of cypermethrin in HepG2 cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Cypermethrin in Hepatocarcinoma Cells: A Dose- and Time-Dependent Study

et al. 2018

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“…Cypermethrin {[cyano‐(3‐phenoxyphenyl) methyl]3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2 dimethylcyclo propane‐1‐carboxylate} is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide (Figure 1) that is mostly used in agriculture and in consumer products for domestic purposes (Ullah et al, 2018). It is classified as highly toxic insecticide to bees, fish and aquatic insects by the National Pesticides Telecommunications Network (Kavvalakis et al, 2014). It is effective against a wide spectrum of pests and is used for the protection of agricultural production and human health (Arrebola et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment, development and validation of a GC‐ECD‐based method for the quantification of cypermethrin from green pea

Jan

Dar

Wani

et al. 2022

Biomedical Chromatography

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The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half‐life, risk assessment and novel gas chromatography method for the residue estimation of cypermethrin in green pea by spraying cypermethrin 10EC at 50 g a.i. ha−1 at fruiting stage followed by another application at a 10 day interval. The sample extraction and cleanup was followed bya modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, and the residues of cypermethrin were determined using a validated gas chromatography method. The initial deposits were found to be 1.21 mg kg−1 following the application of insecticide at 50 g a.i. ha−1. Cypermethrin residues declined to below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 15 days at the recommended dosage. The half‐life of cypermethrin was 2.66 days at 50 g a.i. ha−1. For risk assessment studies, the waiting period of 15 days is recommended as safe for consumption for the insecticide. The GC‐ECD method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines by various analytical parameters including linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable, and can be used for the standardization of pesticides on fruits and vegetables.

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“…The proportional relationship has, however, been demonstrated between ethanol consumption and the concentration of its metabolite ethyl glucuronide in hair for both humans (Appenzeller et al 2007a) and rats (Kharbouche et al 2010). Regarding organic pollutants, promising results have already demonstrated that rabbits exposed to a high dose of pesticides presented higher concentrations of chemicals in hair than those exposed to a low dose for organophosphates (Maravgakis et al 2012; Margariti and Tsatsakis 2009; Tutudaki et al 2003) and cypermethrin (pyrethroid) (Kavvalakis et al 2014). Nevertheless, studies investigating the linkage between exposure and pesticide concentration in hair that cover a wide range of concentration levels of several chemicals are still needed so hair analysis will be recognized as a reliable marker for assessing the intensity of exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model

et al. 2016

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Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in hair. We also compared the results obtained from a hair analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ hair (R Pearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of hair analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports hair analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1910-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Development and application of GC‐MS method for monitoring of long‐term exposure to the pesticide cypermethrin

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Cypermethrin in Hepatocarcinoma Cells: A Dose- and Time-Dependent Study

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Cypermethrin in Hepatocarcinoma Cells: A Dose- and Time-Dependent Study

Risk assessment, development and validation of a GC‐ECD‐based method for the quantification of cypermethrin from green pea

Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model

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