Development and Application of Genetic Engineering for Wheat Improvement

Evaluation of in vitro plant regeneration efficiency in Siberian wheat cultivars

“…An important prerequisite for the production of transgenic or genome-edited wheat plants is the availability of a target tissue competent for plant regeneration. In wheat, the most popular explants routinely used to induce plant regeneration are immature zygotic tissues (Shrawat, Armstrong, 2018). For many cultivars of polyploid wheat, it is usually sufficient to use the supplement of 2-3 mg/l of 2,4-D to induce somatic embryogenesis from isolated immature zygotic embryos (Delporte et al, 2014).…”

“…Different new breeding technologies (NBTs) such as haploid production, genetic engineering, or plant genome editing strongly depend on the availability of cultivars demonstrating efficient in vitro plants regeneration. In last decades, the application of NBTs to genetically improve the diversity of the wheat genome was repeatedly reported (Shrawat, Armstrong, 2018;Borisjuk et al, 2019). However, most of the researches were mostly carried out using 'model' cultivars, while the application of NBTs to high-quality local cultivars has a more practical perspective.…”

A competence of embryo-derived tissues of tetraploid cultivated wheat species Triticum dicoccum and Triticum timopheevii for efficient and stable transgenesis mediated by particle inflow gun

“…After the first reports describing the production of transgenic wheat plants, the transformation methodology has taken a significant step in improving the efficiency of transgenic event production using a biolistic-mediated delivery [11]. Nevertheless, wheat is regarded as a recalcitrant crop for genetic transformation and new approaches should focus on increasing the number of cultivars available for the successful delivery of various heterologous sequences.…”

“…Among those techniques, marker-assistant selection, DNA mapping, genomic selection, genome editing and genetic engineering are currently explored in advanced crop breeding programs [10]. Genetic transformation, which gives a chance to introduce specific genes that encode important beneficial traits, is an effective mean for improvement of existing elite varieties [11]. The ability to engineer transgenic plants is also a powerful and informative tool for studying functions and regulations of genes controlling important traits, especially since the most of genetic resources in ancient tetraploid wheats are still not identified.…”

“…Currently, the overwhelming majority of protocols relays on the application of immature zygotic embryos (IE) as the primary tissue source for the regeneration of transgenic wheat plant [11]. The continuous growth of donor plants in a glasshouse is required to ensure efficient transformation since the proper physiological stage of IE capable of developing morphogenic callus is strictly limited to one or two days.…”