Development and Applications of the Four Points Probe (4PP) Electrical Resistivity Measurements for Anode Process Optimization

Lauzon-Gauthier, Julien; Secasan, John

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_125

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For more information about electrical conductivity tests and measurement uncertainties, the interested reader is referred to Ziegler and Secasan [18], and well as Lauzon-Gauthier and Secasan [19]. The latter also illustrate how the 4PP technology is used in pitch optimization experiments.…”

Section: The 4pp Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Soft Sensor for Detecting Overpitched Anodes: Detailed Investigation of an Anode-Sticking Event

Paris

Duchesne

Poulin

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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Adjusting pitch ratio in green anode formulation is becoming difficult due to the increasing raw material variability. The optimal quantity of pitch yielding the best anode properties for a given aggregate, known as the optimal pitch demand (ODP), changes more frequently and is unknown a priori. Exceeding the OPD increases the risk of generating post-baking anode sticking events. Previously, the potential of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based monitoring scheme for detecting the onset of these undesirable events was assessed by using a set of five green anode resistivity measurements collected from over 120,000 anodes produced over a two-year period. The Squared Prediction Error (SPE) was shown to be sensitive to abnormal events such as anode sticking. The objective of this paper is to further validate the soft sensor by studying the SPE dynamic behaviour during a post-baking sticking

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Section: The 4pp Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Soft Sensor for Detecting Overpitched Anodes: Detailed Investigation of an Anode-Sticking Event

Paris

Duchesne

Poulin

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the last decade, a few NDT technologies have progressively been introduced into anode plants, and their performance is currently being assessed. For example, Alcoa's 4-point-probe (4PP) [8], SERMA [9][10][11][12][13][14], and MIREA [15][16][17][18] technologies were developed and implemented to measure electrical resistivity in multiple points using a similar concept to Seger's, but using different probe arrangements for application on green and/or baked anodes. Finally, mechanical properties-based measurements were also investigated, namely Modal Analysis (MA) [19], which measures the vibration response of the whole anode body at once after some mechanical excitation, and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) based methods [20][21][22][23][24] applied in multiple anode positions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpolation of Pathway Based Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Data for Defect Detection and Localization in Pre-Baked Carbon Anodes

Rodrigues

Duchesne

Lauzon-Gauthier

2022

Metals

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Producing consistent quality pre-baked carbon anodes for the Hall–Héroult aluminum reduction process is challenging due to the decreasing quality and increasing variability of anode raw materials. Non-destructive testing techniques (NDT) have been developed and recently implemented in manufacturing plants to establish better suited and more efficient quality control schemes than core sampling and characterization. These technologies collect measurements representing effective properties of the materials located along a pathway between two transducers (emitter and receiver), and not spatially-resolved distribution of properties within the anode volume. A method to interpolate pathway-based measurements and provide spatially-resolved distribution of properties is proposed in this work to help NDT technologies achieve their full potential. The interpolation method is tested by simulating acousto-ultrasonic data collected from a large number of 2D and 3D toy examples representing simplified anode internal structures involving randomly generated defects. Experimental validation was performed by characterizing core samples extracted from a set of industrial anodes and correlating their properties with interpolated speed of sound by the algorithm. The method is shown to be successful in determining the defect positions, and the interpolated results are shown to correlate significantly with mechanical properties.

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Machine Vision Sensor Based on Image Texture Analysis Applied to Industrial Anode Paste

2022

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Development and Applications of the Four Points Probe (4PP) Electrical Resistivity Measurements for Anode Process Optimization

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Development of a Soft Sensor for Detecting Overpitched Anodes: Detailed Investigation of an Anode-Sticking Event

Development of a Soft Sensor for Detecting Overpitched Anodes: Detailed Investigation of an Anode-Sticking Event

Interpolation of Pathway Based Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Data for Defect Detection and Localization in Pre-Baked Carbon Anodes

Machine Vision Sensor Based on Image Texture Analysis Applied to Industrial Anode Paste

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