Development and characterisation of a collagen nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

In Vitro Biological Evaluation of 3-D Hydroxyapatite/Collagen (50/50 wt. (%)) Scaffolds

“…Recent studies have described different methods for producing HA/Col scaffolds, among which different selfassembly methods can be highlighted [7][8][9]15,21,22 . The samples obtained by the methods described above were visually homogeneous, with a three-dimensional network and were easy to manipulate.…”

“…(%)) 3-D composite scaffolds were produced by the aqueous precipitation method in the presence of collagen fibers; this is also known as the self-assembly method 11 . The theoretical Ca/P ratio and temperature was equal to 1.67 and 38 °C, respectively, and the pH was maintained at 8-9 7,9 . For this, calcium nitrate solution (37.2 mM) and Col fibers in orthophosphoric acid solution (59.32 mM) were gradually, and in parallel, added through peristaltic pumps into a reaction vessel with 25 mL of ultrapure water, followed by an aging time of 3 hours.…”

“…Those reactions allow the improvement of different structural, mechanical and physico-chemical properties 8 . The use of Col fibrils dissociated in a solution seems to provide an effective interaction between Col molecules and the mineral phase precipitated in comparison with other composite routes 1,2,5,[7][8][9] . The cross-linking process induces a significant change in the Col structure from the nanoscale to microscale range 8,10,11 and it is usually necessary in order to reduce its immunogenicity and control material biodegradation 11 .…”

Non-viral gene-activated matrices

“…15 Since then, a number of further enhanced, bone-targeted, novel collagen-composite scaffolds have been produced by our group including the collagen-nHa scaffold which will be discussed primarily in this commentary. 14,16,17 Previous work within our laboratory has demonstrated the ability 1990s. 36,37 The scaffold essentially acts as a depot for the gene while simultaneously offering structural support and a matrix for new tissue deposition (Fig.…”

“…8 A series of collagen-based scaffolds including collagen and composites of collagenglycosaminoglycan (collagen-GAG), [9][10][11] collagen-hydroxyapatite 12,13 and collagennanohydroxyapatite (collagen-nHa) 14 have been developed for bone repair in our laboratory. The collagen-GAG scaffold was originally created for skin regeneration by Yannas et al 2 and subsequently engineered in Yannas' laboratory to contain a homogeneous pore structure suitable for bone repair by O'Brien et al in 2004.…”