Development and characterization of essential oils incorporated chitosan-based cues with antibacterial and antifungal potentialities

Abstract

Herein, we report the characterization of chitosan-based cues incorporated with two different essential oils, i.e., tea tree oil (TTO) and clove oil (CO). The essential oils incorporated chitosanbased cues offer considerable solutions to eliminate pathogenic infections and/or to reduce microbial contaminations in healthcare facilities. In this background, chitosan(CST)-based cues were incorporated with TTO and CO and final cues were designated as CST-TTO and CST-CO. The loading efficiency was optimal in CST-TTO (91.5%) followed by CST-CO (83.3%). The optimally yielded both, CST-TTO and CST-CO were tested for antibacterial activities against two Gram+ve (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-ve strains (Escherichia coliandSalmonella typhimurium). An initial bacterial cell count (1.5 x 10 8 CFU/mL) was considered as a control value, and 2-log reduction was considered to report the antibacterial activity. The antifungal activity was tested against two Aspergillus strains, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The growth reduction for Aspergillus strains was recorded from 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL (initial count) to 1 × 10 2 conidia/mL (optimal inhibition) in the presence of CST-TTO and CST-CO. In summary, the results suggest that the newly developed CST-TTO and CST-CO cues can be potential candidates for food and biomedical applications as they hold promising capability to restrict some pathogenic and food spoilage microbes. ARTICLE HISTORY

Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

“…As far as EOs are concerned, an extensive review of the literature shows that, over time, they have been increasingly attracting the interest of researchers. Clove [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ] and thyme [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ] EOs have been largely used in encapsulation studies, mostly through the ionic gelation technique, targetingdifferent applications. However, a wide range of EOs-based chitosan nanoparticles have also been referred to the literature over the last five years, such as mint ( Mentha piperita ) [ 111 , 112 ], cardamom [ 113 ], krill oil ( Euphausia superba ) [ 114 ], lime [ 115 ], orange [ 116 ], lavender [ 109 , 116 ], Achillea millefolium [ 117 ], Cymbopogon martini [ 118 ], citrus [ 119 ], Piper nigrum [ 120 ], peppermint or green tea EOs [ 3 , 121 ].…”

In-vitro Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial, Anti-biofilm and Cytotoxic Activity of Naturally Inspired Juglans regia, Tamarix aphylla L., and Acacia modesta with Medicinal Potentialities

“…The dried bark of this tree is conventionally used in Pakistan for improving oral hygiene and promoting teeth brightening. Earlier studies reported the antimicrobial activity of this plant against bacteria and fungi that may be due to the presence of polyphenols 1,2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] .…”

“…The emergence and spread of multidrugresistant (MDR) pathogens are one of the most serious threats to successful treatment of microbial diseases 1 . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases are the 3rd most significant cause of mortality worldwide.…”

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases are the 3rd most significant cause of mortality worldwide. Strains such as-b lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BL-EC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (BL-KP), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hospital-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have been identified as utmost notorious pathogens, thus effective therapies are urgently required for these pathogenic microbes 1,2 . The healing choices for these pathogens are enormously limited and Clinicians are imposed to use expensive drugs associated with noteworthy side consequence to the patients' health 1 .…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Smart and Active Biodegradable Packaging Materials

“…A temperature-sensitive packaging material has been developed to give an indication of the quality status of fresh beef during storage [ 248 ]. Fish and other seafood products are also highly perishable foods as a result of microbial spoilage and oxidative reactions [ 249 , 250 ]. Active and smart packaging materials have also been shown to be effective at protecting these products, as well as at monitoring their quality during storage [ 28 , 79 , 112 , 236 ].…”