Development and evaluation of an air quality modeling approach to assess near-field impacts of lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft operating on leaded aviation gasoline

The persistent problem of lead poisoning in birds from ammunition and fishing tackle

“…Palabras clave: aparejo de pesca, aves, balas de cobre, envenenamiento por plomo, especies en peligro, munición de plomo, plantillas de pesca, plomadas de pesca, plomo INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) has long been recognized as an ecological and human health hazard because exposure to this cumulative metabolic poison has negative consequences for all organisms studied (DeMichele 1984, Scheuhammer and Norris 1995, Hernberg 2000, Centers for Disease Control 2013, Chen 2013. Although Pb occurs naturally as a trace element of geological materials (Figure 1), human activities have greatly increased the distribution and abundance of Pb in the environment because it is used widely in the production of batteries, pigments and dyes, caulks, and metal alloys, as well as in aviation fuel for small pistonengine aircraft (Rattner et al 2008, Carr et al 2011. The physical properties of Pb (e.g., high density, low melting point, malleability, corrosion resistance), as well as its low cost compared with alternative metals, have made it the primary metal used in the manufacturing of ammunition and fishing sinkers (Goddard et al 2008, Thomas 2013.…”

Costs of IQ Loss from Leaded Aviation Gasoline Emissions

“…Lead emissions are expected to decrease exponentially as a function of distance from a point or area source. Carr et al 12 found that near-airport lead concentration gradients were indistinguishable from Los Angeles background concentrations at monitor stations further than 900 m downwind from Santa Monica Airport, but did not consider how aviation emissions, such as those from cruise and itinerant operations, contribute to the background. The under-/(over-) estimation of damages nearer (further) from an airport will depend upon the spatial distribution of the local population and the expected contribution of other sources to background lead concentrations.…”

Calculation of GHG Emissions in the Selected Air Traffic Company

“…The weight of transported material is 800 kg. The carriage will be carried out in the following way [4,5]:…”