Development and evaluation of occlusive systems employing polyvinyl alcohol for transdermal delivery of sumatriptan succinate

Adhesive properties: a critical issue in transdermal patch development

“…The feasibility to elaborate an in vivo quantitative measurement of the patch adhesion to the skin was also studied adapting assays that generally are carried out to determine the peeling force [55,56], or the tackiness by quick stick test [57], or modified probe tack tests [58]. In the last case, the stress--strain curves that are generated on the patch removal are registered by means of a dynamometer connected to the patch sample applied on the forearm, or the dorsal side of the hand, of volunteers.…”

“…Azone Ò decreased the in vivo peel strength of a hydrated PSA made of a plasticized mixture of PAMA and poly(vinyl alcohol) [57]. Adding sodium lauryl sulfate or dimethyl sulfoxide to PIB-PSA, both the glass transition temperature and the peel strength decreased indicating a trade-off between the enhancer activity and adhesive properties [88].…”

“…When isopropyl myristate was introduced into a siliconbased PSA to enhance the drug permeation, the matrix flew easily favoring the rapid wetting of skin, which increased the Active ingredient Piroxicam Acrylates Peel adhesion Reduction [44] Coumarin Acrylates Peel adhesion none [20] Captopril ethyl esters Acrylates Tack Increase up 13.3%, then decrease [79] Miconazole Acrylates Peel adhesion Reduction [80] Miconazole Acrylates Shear adhesion Reduction [17] Benztropine Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [81] Acrylates Tack Reduction Acrylates Shear adhesion Reduction Nicotine Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [48] Shear adhesion Reduction Diclofenac Acrylates Peel adhesion Reduction [48] Shear adhesion Reduction Plasticizer PEG 200 Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [82] Propylene glycol Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [82] Diethyl phthalate Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [82] Triacetin Acrylates Peel adhesion Increase [84] Triacetin Acrylates Tack Increase [48] Shear adhesion Increase Tributhylcitrate Acrylates Tack Increase [48] Shear adhesion Increase Propylene glycol Acrylates Peel adhesion None [87] Glycerin and/or PEG Acrylate/water Tack Increase [29] Sorbitol Acrylate/water Tack None [29] Acrylate/water Shear adhesion Increase [29] PEG Acrylate/water Shear adhesion Decrease [29] Glycerin Acrylate/water Shear adhesion None [29] Glycerin Gelatine/acrylate Peel adhesion None [83] Propylene glycol Gelatine/acrylate Peel adhesion Increase [83] Skin penetration Isopropyl myristate Silicon Peel adhesion Increase [85] Enhancer Shear adhesion Decrease Isopropyl myristate Acrylate Shear adhesion Decrease [82] Isopropyl myristate Acrylate Peel adhesion Decrease [85] Oleic acid Acrylate Peel adhesion Increase [44] Oleic acid Acrylate Peel adhesion Decrease [86,87] Azone Ò acrylate/PVA Peel adhesion Decrease [57] Sodium lauryl sulfate Polyisobutylenes Peel adhesion Decrease [88] DMSO Polyisobutylenes Peel adhesion Decrease …”

“…Among the most critical formulative variables influencing the patch adhesive properties, there are worthy of carefully selection: i) the type and concentration of additives, ii) the matrix thickness, which is correlated to the active ingredient dose [17] and, eventually, the drug penetration enhancement [57] and iii) the backing layer [61,62].…”

Chemical and Physical Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…(López-Castellano & Merino, 2010) The historical development of permeation research is well described by Hadgraft & Lane, 2005. Over time, the skin has become an important route for drug delivery in which topical, regional or systemic effects are desired (Domínguez-Delgado, et al, 2010).…”