Development and functions of the cytoskeleton during ciliogenesis in metazoa

Abstract

The different steps of ciliogenesis occurring in quail oviduct were compared to the ciliogenesis pattern described in other metazoan species. Centrioles are generated according to pathways that are found within the same cell: the centriolar and the acentriolar pathways. In the acentriolar pathway, centrioles are generated in the Golgi area, without contact with the preexisting centrioles of the centrosomes, and they migrate toward the apical membrane. The control of this polarized migration was studied by means of several drugs (colchicine, nocodazol, taxol, cytochalasin D, benzodiazepines) and immunocytochemistry. It was suggested that an actin-myosin system was involved in the migration of centrioles, whereas labile microtubules were not necessary. Basal bodies must dock with plasma membrane or cytoplasmic vesicles for the initiation of axonemal microtubule polymerization. This signal is necessary even in the presence of taxol.

Multiciliated Cells in Animals

“…Pioneering work on differentiating MCCs from quail oviduct revealed that BB migration and docking depend on actin -myosin (Klotz et al 1986;Lemullois et al 1988;Boisvieux-Ulrich et al 1990). A dense actin meshwork is present at the apical cortex in MCCs and myosin is also enriched in this area (Reverdin et al 1975;Reed et al 1984;Klotz et al 1986;Lemullois et al 1988;Sandoz et al 1988;Park et al 2006Park et al , 2008Pan et al 2007;Werner et al 2011).…”

Structure and duplication of the centrosome

“…Whether BLD-10 has true orthologs in other eukaryotes remains to be elucidated. Whereas the cartwheel persists in mature basal bodies of ciliated protozoa, it is only transient in vertebrate proliferating cells, but the precise timing of cartwheel disassembly during G2-M is not known (Lemullois et al, 1988).…”

Nesprin-2 interacts with meckelin and mediates ciliogenesis via remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton

“…In migrating fibroblasts, nuclear repositioning away from the leading edge is dependent on retrograde actin flow and myosin (Gomes et al, 2005), and the position of the centrosome is thought to be maintained by actomyosin-driven forces upon microtubules (Burakov et al, 2003). The actin cytoskeleton is also implicated in the formation of multi-ciliated epithelial cells (Boisvieux-Ulrich et al, 1990;Klotz et al, 1986;Lemullois et al, 1988;Lemullois et al, 1987) and actin enrichment at the apical cell surface is necessary for centrosome/basal body docking (Pan et al, 2007). Furthermore, activity of the Rho-GTPase regulatory factor RhoA is an essential event for actin-cytoskeletal remodelling during early mammalian ciliogenesis (Pan et al, 2007) and the Rho-associated coiled-coilcontaining protein kinase p160ROCK is also required to maintain the position of the mature centriole in interphase cells (Chevrier et al, 2002).…”