Development and Initial feasibility of an Online Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention for COVID-19 Related Distress

Abstract

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in adverse psychological outcomes world-wide. This paper discusses the development of a manualised online group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention in a secondary care setting targeting the maintenance factors of COVID-19 related distress. Method: This paper details (i) the development of the intervention using the six steps in quality intervention development (6SQuID; Wight, Wimbush, Jepson & Doi, 2016) methodology (ii) a mixed-method feasibility study exploring a manualised online group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention targeting the maintenance factors of COVID-19 related distress.Results: Using the 6SQuID methodology, a theoretical coherent, novel intervention, which did not replicate existing treatment designs, was developed. In relation to feasibility, engagement with this remote group program was poor. There were low levels of engagement in online data-gathering, making it difficult to ascertain indicators of effectiveness. In relation to acceptability, retention rates of participants were high. Participants described a high level of treatment appropriateness and positive post-intervention change.Conclusion: A theoretically coherent manualised treatment was developed. It did not meet initial assessments of feasibility, though it did meet qualitative and quantitative measures of acceptability.