Development and performance comparison of mixed-mode solar crop dryers with and without thermal storage

Abubakar, Shitu; Umaru, Samaila; Kaisan, Muhammad Usman; Umar, Usman Aliyu; Ashok, B.; Nanthagopal, K.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.049

Cited by 87 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…When drying at high temperatures, the moisture uptake is fast due to the fact that there is reduced humidity in the drying air; therefore, the said air is able to carry more moisture. This result is similar to the results obtained by other solar-dryer studies (Abubakar, Umaru, Kaisan, et al, 2018;Mortezapour et al, 2012;Suherman, Djaeni, Wardhani, Dzaki, & Bagas, 2018). Figure 9 shows the profile of the effectiveness factor for hybrid solar drying at different temperatures.…”

Section: Dryer-efficiency Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

Suherman

Utami

Ningrum

2020

J Food Process Engineering

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Sugar palm is an abundant palm in Indonesia and widely used for various foods, one of which is vermicelli. During vermicelli production, local farmers still implement open‐sun drying, which reduces the quality of vermicelli, requires long periods of time, and cannot be performed during poor weather. Therefore, in this study, a new method of vermicelli drying is introduced using a hybrid solar dryer, which consists of a solar dryer and an additional heater powered by liquefied natural gas. Hybrid solar drying is conducted at 40, 60, 80, and 100°C. With 2 hr of drying time, the final moisture contents of vermicelli dried using hybrid solar dryer have satisfy the standard limit, while the open‐sun drying and natural solar drying do not, indicating that hybrid solar drying is faster and more effective. Vermicelli drying occurs at the falling‐rate period and increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C increases dryer efficiency, energy utilization ratio, and exergy efficiency, from 13.02 to 17.02%, from 0.18 to 0.32, and from 67.4 to 83.6%, respectively. Although the overall quality of dried vermicelli is acceptable, increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C result in the damaged vermicelli surface as evident from SEM analysis and degradation of vermicelli whiteness value from 87.2 to 82.5. Practical applications The drying process is playing an important role in heat sensitive products dehydration. The present study provides an investigation of potential use of solar energy for drying of vermicelli which combine with the natural gas heating process. The results show that hybrid drying system could enhance the product quality of vermicelli and also reduce the drying process. During drying, proximate components of vermicelli essentially do not change but it alters the color of product.

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Section: Dryer-efficiency Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

Suherman

Utami

Ningrum

2020

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The samples were dried effectively in 28 hr inside the solar dryer and 53 hr under OSD conditions. Mixed mode natural convection solar dryer with and without thermal energy storage was developed and tested for drying of yam slices (Abubakar et al, ). Gravel materials were used as temporary heat storage material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

Lakshmi

Muthukumar

Ekka

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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This study focuses on energy and drying kinetic analyses of Curcuma zedoaria (white turmeric) dried in mixed and indirect active parallel flow solar dryers. Dryer efficiency, specific energy consumption and drying rate are studied. The overall dryer efficiency of mixed mode (MFSCD) is 26.5% higher than indirect mode (IFSCD) solar dryer. Two term model and Verma model fit best for Curcuma zedoaria drying in MFSCD and IFSCD, respectively, and Logarithmic model is quite suitable for open sun drying (OSD). The effective moisture diffusivity of the product dried under MFSCD is highest as compared to IFSCD and OSD products. The quality analyses show that higher values of TFC (78.11 mg GAE/g of sample) and DPPH (120.56 μ mol of TE/g of sample) are reported in the samples dried in MFSCD as compared to IFSCD and OSD samples. Practical applications Conventional open sun drying is a common practice followed by small farmers for drying herbs and spices. Products dried under open sun lose their nutritional and medicinal values due to slow drying rate and improper heating. The present work focusses on the development of a low cost solar dryer for drying of high value medicinal herbs like Curcuma zedoaria, curcuma caesia, and black cardamom. Study of drying kinetics helps in improving the design aspects of solar dryer and optimization of the drying systems. Drying time of the Curcuma zedoaria dried in the developed dryer is about 60% less than the open sun drying and the retention of color, antioxidant, and texture of the solar dried products is excellent. The developed solar dryer will be suitable for small small‐scale farmers and can be scaled up to any size.

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“…A similar study was carried out by Abubakar et al to determine the drying rates of yam slices by using solar air heater in the meteorological conditions of Nigeria. The drying efficiency of the solar dryer with thermal energy storage materials is improved by 13% over the nonthermal storage system.…”

Section: Solar Air Heaters With Separate Heat Storage Unitsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A similar study was carried out by Abubakar et al 15 to determine the drying rates of yam slices by using solar air 16 Four different configurations operating under free and forced convection conditions were experimented. An auxiliary heating system with 300 W halogen tube light inside the duct has been used in order to carry out the experiments during off sunshine and night times.…”

Section: Solar Air Heaters With Separate Heat Storage Unitsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A review on thermal energy storage systems in solar air heaters

Haldorai¹,

Gurusamy²,

Pradhapraj

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The drying needs of agricultural, industrial process heat requirements and for space heating, solar energy is one of the prime sources which is renewable and pollution free. As the solar energy is inconsistent and nature dependent, more often there is a mismatch between the solar thermal energy availability and requirement. This drawback could be addressed to an extent with the help of thermal energy storage systems combined with solar air heaters. This review article focuses on solar air heaters with integrated and separate thermal energy storage systems as well as greenhouses with thermal storage units. A comprehensive study was carried out in solar thermal storage units consisting of sensible heat storage materials and latent heat storage materials. As the phase change heat storage materials offer many advantages over the sensible heat storage materials, the researchers are more interested in this system. The charging and discharging characteristics of thermal storage materials with various operational parameters have been reported. All the possible solar air heater applications with storage units have also been discussed.

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Development and performance comparison of mixed-mode solar crop dryers with and without thermal storage

Cited by 87 publications

References 27 publications

Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying

Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria

A review on thermal energy storage systems in solar air heaters

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