Development and psychometric validity of the perioperative anxiety scale-7 (PAS-7)

Abstract

Background Preoperative anxiety is a common psychological reaction in perioperative patients. The absence of a valid measurement tool hinders the evaluation of interventions to treat preoperative anxiety in China. This study aims to develop the Perioperative Anxiety Scale-7 (PAS-7) and test its reliability, validity, and cut-off value. Methods A total of 280 patients over 16 years old (M = 55.1, SD = 14.3) who were undergoing elective surgery were recruited to complete the PAS-7 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) one day before surgery. Results The PAS-7 included seven items divided into two dimensions: mental anxiety and somatic anxiety. These two dimensions could explain 74.294% of the population variance. The internal consistency of each dimension ranged from 0.761–0.933. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the scale was good (χ2= 34.798, df = 13, χ2/df = 2.677, CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.918, SRMR = 0.057, RMSEA = 0.115). The correlations between the GAD-7 and each dimension and the scale’s total score were significant (0.711–0.789). A cut-off score of 8, maximizing the Youden Index, yielded a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 84.6% (95% CI: 0.88 ~ 0.97). Conclusions The PAS-7 had good reliability and validity and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate preoperative anxiety.

Preoperative Anxiety in Chinese Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study

“…The 7-item Perioperative Anxiety Scale (PAS-7) was used as the major assessment tool for preoperative anxiety status. The PAS-7 was specifically designed for adult Chinese surgical patients and showed good reliability and validity compared to Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) [ 16 ]. The PAS-7 contains seven questions of a 5-point Likert scale (Appendix 1 ), with Questions No.1-4 regarding mental anxiety and Questions No.5-7 regarding somatic anxiety [ 16 ].…”

“…The PAS-7 was specifically designed for adult Chinese surgical patients and showed good reliability and validity compared to Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) [ 16 ]. The PAS-7 contains seven questions of a 5-point Likert scale (Appendix 1 ), with Questions No.1-4 regarding mental anxiety and Questions No.5-7 regarding somatic anxiety [ 16 ]. Patients with a PAS-7 score ≥8 were considered to have preoperative anxiety.…”

Awareness, perception and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates in Thailand

“…The number of factors considered from the factor with eigenvalue >1 in EFA [54]. The indices according to CFA including a comparative fit index (CFI) of >0.90, a Tucker Lewis index (TLI) of >0.90, and a root-mean-squared error of approximation (RMSEA) of <0.10 indicate that the fitting of the scale was adequate [55].…”

Pain Trajectory after Short-Stay Anorectal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

“…Sociodemographic variables, including age, sex, height, and weight, were obtained from the electronic health records using the values listed at the time of surgery. The preoperative pain behavior score (UBA pain behavior scale) (i.e., behaviors that would indicate to others that an individual is experiencing pain, such as grimacing or sighing) [ 19 ] and preoperative anxiety scores (PAS-7) (e.g., “I worry about the effect of surgery”) [ 20 ] were recorded. In addition, the type of surgery and the surgeon were recorded (chief physician, referring to a doctor with >10 years’ experience; attending physician, a doctor who has worked for <10 years).…”