Development and sexual selection in primates

Setchell, Joanna M.; Lee, Phyllis C.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542459.012

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…When we did not know the exact date of an event we used the average date between the 2 known dates most closely around that event; e.g., the last time an individual was observed ranging solitarily and the first time it was observed in a new group (see Table I for ranges of estimates). Building on the already established age of weaning at an age of 6 mo (Rotundo et al 2005), we used these developmental milestones to assign ages to the juvenile and subadult (and thus adult) age categories (Pereira and Altmann 1985;Pereira and Fairbanks 1993;Setchell and Lee 2004).…”

Section: Age At Dispersal First Reproduction and Resulting Age Catementioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Development in Wild Owl Monkeys (Aotus azarai) of Argentina

Huck

Rotundo²,

Fernández-Duque

2011

Int J Primatol

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Life history predicts that in sexually dimorphic species in which males are the larger sex, males should reach sexual maturity later than females (or vice versa if females are the larger sex). The corresponding prediction that in sexually monomorphic species maturational rates will differ little between the sexes has rarely been tested. We report here sex differences in growth and development to adulthood for 70 female and 69 male wild owl monkeys (Aotus azarai). In addition, using evidence from natal dispersal and first reproduction (mean: 74 mo) for 7 individuals of known age, we assigned ages to categories: infant, 0-6 mo; juvenile, 6.1-24 mo; subadult, 24.1-48 mo; adult >48 mo. We compared von Bertalanffy growth curves and growth rates derived from linear piecewise regressions for juvenile and subadult females and males. Growth rates did not differ between the sexes, although juvenile females were slightly longer than males. Females reached maximum maxillary canine height at ca. 2 yr, about a year earlier than males, and females' maxillary canines were shorter than males'. Thus apart from canine eruption and possibly crown-rump length, the development of Azara's owl monkeys conforms to the prediction by life history that in monomorphic species the sexes should develop at similar paces.

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Section: Age At Dispersal First Reproduction and Resulting Age Catementioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Development in Wild Owl Monkeys (Aotus azarai) of Argentina

Huck

Rotundo²,

Fernández-Duque

2011

Int J Primatol

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“…Although differences between primiparous and multiparous females could reflect maternal experience, age-related patterns among primiparous females seem more likely to arise from differences in physical condition and/or maternal investment. Thus, although females of some species may not conceive until they reach a threshold weight (Festa-Bianchet et al, 1995;Bercovitch et al, 1998;Neuhaus et al, 2004;Setchell and Lee, 2004), the higher offspring mortality in primiparous mountain gorillas may reflect females who had not yet matured sufficiently for successful reproduction.…”

Section: Primiparous Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related patterns of reproductive success among female mountain gorillas

Robbins

Gerald-Steklis

et al. 2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

101

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A key goal of life history theory is to explain the effects of age and parity on the reproductive success of iteroparous organisms. Age-related patterns may be influenced by changes in maternal experience or physical condition, and they may reflect maternal investment trade-offs between current versus future reproduction. This article examines the influences of age and parity upon the interbirth intervals (IBI), offspring survival, and birth rates of 66 female mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcano region from 1967-2004. Fertility was relatively low for females below age 12; improved as they matured; and then declined as they aged further. Primiparous mothers had 50% higher offspring mortality and 20% longer IBI than second-time mothers, though only the difference with IBI was statistically significant. The length of subsequent IBI was positively correlated with birth order but not with the mother's age. Mountain gorillas showed no evidence of an extended postreproductive lifespan. Age-related patterns seem most likely to reflect changes in the physical condition of the mother, but more detailed studies are needed to quantify those physical differences, and to obtain behavioral evidence that would provide more direct measures of maternal investment and experience.

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“…Being born with this sexually differentiated brain allows for learning and the practice of relevant adult behaviour long before facing the demands of reproductive and adult social life. Thus, prenatal differentiation of the brain might fall among what Setchell & Lee (2004) identify as sex-specific developmental pathways arising from age-dependent selection pressures linked to distinct adult reproductive strategies, constrained by time and energy expenditure for both mothers and the developing immatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in learning the allocation of social grooming in infant stumptailed macaques

Mondrágón-Ceballos

Chiappa

Mayagoitia

et al. 2010

Behav

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SummaryAmong primates, the intense mother-infant bond provides offspring with a lengthy period for learning from an experienced and reliable demonstrator. Since adult life differs for females and males, the expertise of mother may not be equally useful to both sexes of infant, particularly with regard to social relationships. Here, we report on differences between infant female and male stumptailed macaques in learning how to allocate social grooming, using their mothers as demonstrators. Infant females were significantly more socially precocious than males, starting at early ages to groom mothers. Throughout their first year of life, daughters showed more instances of mirroring mothers' behaviour than sons did. In addition, while grooming on their own, grooming durations of daughters to specific partners was significantly concordant with time devoted by mothers to such recipients. We suggest that daughters learn from their mothers how to distribute grooming amongst social companions, while sons primarily use mother as a secure platform to initiate socializing. These results lend support to the idea that mirroring equates with learning and leads to reinforcement of innate propensities for gender roles in primates.

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Development and sexual selection in primates

Cited by 30 publications

References 128 publications

Growth and Development in Wild Owl Monkeys (Aotus azarai) of Argentina

Growth and Development in Wild Owl Monkeys (Aotus azarai) of Argentina

Age-related patterns of reproductive success among female mountain gorillas

Sex differences in learning the allocation of social grooming in infant stumptailed macaques

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