Development and validation of a PCR–RFLP test to identify African Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks

Lempereur, Laetitia; Geysen, Dirk; Madder, Maxime

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.01.004

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The ticks were identified using taxonomic keys (Walker et al, 2003) with the aid of a Zeiss stereo microscope at x80 magnification. Rhipicephalus microplus identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP using the protocol of Lempereur et al, (2010).…”

Section: Tick Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communal farmers’ perceptions of tick-borne diseases affecting cattle and investigation of tick control methods practiced in Zimbabwe

Sungirai

Moyo

Clercq

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Tick borne diseases (TBDs) are responsible for huge economic losses in cattle production in most African countries where the majority of cattle owners are the resource poor communal farmers. Governments have initiated and co-ordinate tick control programs with farmers required to contribute funds for their sustenance. The success of these programs will hinge upon the involvement of communal farmers in their design, implementation and evaluation. To this end, 313 communal farmers (approximately 8.4% of the target population) were interviewed and 3 focus group discussions were carried out in the southern low-veld part of Zimbabwe with the objectives of investigating communal farmers" perceptions on TBDs affecting cattle, level of participation in government initiated tick control programs, other tick control methods practiced, types of acaricides used and their perceived effectiveness. There was a general awareness of TBDs with 67.7% (n=212) farmers being able to describe tick diseases with names or clinical and post-mortem signs. The diseases or situations frequently associated with ticks were codwriosis (38%, n=119), mastitis (36.7%, n=115), anaplasmosis (36.1%, n=113), body damage (28.4%, n=89), babesiosis (24.6%, n=77) and poor body condition (16.6%, n=52). Cattle mortalities due to TBDs were reported by 23.8% (n=74) of the farmers. Farmers (40.6% , n=127) reported an increase in the number of cases of TBDs while 53.4% (n=167) did not see an increase. The plunge dip was consistently used by farmers (70.3%, n=220) to control ticks. Other tick control methods practiced were the hand spraying (67.4%, n=211), hand dressing (16.6%, n=52), traditional methods (5.4%, n=17), use of pour-ons (4.5%, n=14) and smearing (2.2%, n=7). The formamidines were the most common class of acaricide used (59.4%, n=186), followed by synthetic pyrethroids (29.1%, n=91), macro cyclic lactones (12.8%, n=40) and organophosphates (4.5%, n=14). Most farmers (75.2%, n=231) perceived these acaricides to be effective in controlling ticks. The results of focus group discussions showed that a number of factors influenced the success of government initiated tick control programs and these included inconsistent supply of acaricides, unaffordable dipping fees, lack of water, long distance to the dip tank, lack of information on dipping procedures and lack of knowledge on strategies for delaying acaricide resistance. This study demonstrates that while farmers can be a valuable source of information with regards to the epidemiology of tick borne diseases affecting their cattle, there is still need for further training in understanding the TBDs and strategies for their control.

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Section: Tick Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communal farmers’ perceptions of tick-borne diseases affecting cattle and investigation of tick control methods practiced in Zimbabwe

Sungirai

Moyo

Clercq

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only adult specimens were identified up to species level using both taxonomic descriptions (Walker et al, 2003) and morphological keys (Madder, 2012a(Madder, , 2012b. The identification of a subset of 10 individuals of each of the four Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) tick species was confirmed molecularly using a PCR-RFLP test (Lempereur et al, 2010). Although species of other genera were collected during the different surveys (mainly Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus), they are not discussed in this article, partly because they made up a minority of the collected ticks and partly because no changes have been observed in their distribution since the last country-wide survey (Vercruysse et al, 1982).…”

Section: Tick Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of the invasive cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a country-wide survey in Benin

et al. 2012

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The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is currently invading the West African region, and little information is available on the spread of this exotic tick in this region. We set out a country-wide field survey to determine its current distribution in Benin. Ticks were collected on cattle from 106 farms selected by random sampling covering all regions of the country. R. annulatus was found in 70 % of all farms, R. decoloratus was found in 42 %, R. geigyi was found on 58 %, and R. microplus was found on 49 % of all farms. There is a clear geographic separation between the indigenous R. species and R. microplus. R. annulatus occurs mainly in the northern departments, but it was also observed in smaller amounts in locations in the south. The presence of R. decoloratus is limited to the northern region, and in most locations, this tick makes up a small proportion of the collected ticks. The tick R. geigyi tends to be dominant, but occurs only in the four northern departments. The observations concerning R. microplus are entirely different, this species occurs in the southern and central region. The results of this survey confirm the invasive character and displacement properties of R. microplus, since in less than a decade it has colonized more than half of the country and has displaced indigenous ticks of the same genus in a large number of the sampled locations.

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“…The identification of a subset of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks was confirmed molecularly using a PCR-RFLP test (Lempereur et al, 2010).…”

Section: Tick Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New foci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

Madder

Adehan²,

Deken

et al. 2012

Exp Appl Acarol

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The invasive character of Rhipicephalus microplus was observed in Benin, the second West-African country from which this tick species has been collected after the initial confirmed record in Ivory Coast in 2007. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Mono to examine the presence of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The survey covered 9 herds (villages) in an agro-ecological zone inhabited by agro-pastoralists, including the State Farm of Kpinnou that imported Girolando cattle from Brazil. Almost 800 ticks were sampled from 36 cattle, on average four cattle per village.The morphological identification revealed ticks of two different genera: Rhipicephalus spp. and Amblyomma spp. Within the genus Rhipicephalus, R. microplus was the only representative of the species previously known as Boophilus or blue ticks. Its taxonomic identity was confirmed molecularly by PCR-RFLP.A comparison was made with the situation of R. microplus in Brazil.

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Development and validation of a PCR–RFLP test to identify African Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Communal farmers’ perceptions of tick-borne diseases affecting cattle and investigation of tick control methods practiced in Zimbabwe

Communal farmers’ perceptions of tick-borne diseases affecting cattle and investigation of tick control methods practiced in Zimbabwe

Geographic distribution of the invasive cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a country-wide survey in Benin

New foci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

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