Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge, Threat and Coping Appraisal, and Intention to Practice Healthy Behaviors Related to Non-Communicable Diseases in the Thai Population

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are important issues in Thailand and health sectors are now focusing on modifiable risks that include cognitive, affective and behavioral factors. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess knowledge about NCDs, threat appraisal, coping appraisal and intention to practice based on protection motivation theory. Content validity was determined by the mean of the item content validity index (I-CVI) from five experts. The questionnaire was pilot tested for difficulty of knowledge items and reliability test using the Kuder-Richardson (KR)-20 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient among 30 Thai adult subjects in the health office for two sub-districts. The mean I-CVI ranged from 0.90–1.00 and difficulty of knowledge ranged from 0.3–0.9. The reliability test of knowledge by KR-20 ranged from 0.648–0.799, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of threat and coping appraisal and intention to practice ranged from 0.70–0.843. We compared sociodemographic data, knowledge about NCDs, threat appraisal, coping appraisal and intention to practice between 50 diabetic type 2 cases and 50 controls. T2DM cases had higher age, knowledge scores on diabetes and hypertension, threat appraisal scores on hypertension and cardiovascular disease when compared with control (p < 0.05). The questionnaire was valid and sufficiently reliable to use for data collection.

Patient perspectives on health‐related behavior change after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke

“…In the protection motivation theory, coping and threat appraisal is influenced by sources of information, such as verbal contemplation, personal experiences, or observational learning. Earlier studies named this influence of the cognitive mediation process knowledge (Chamroonsawasdi et al., 2017). The need for guidelines can also be explained by the fact that the coping and threat appraisal is influenced by sources of information.…”

Informal carer's knowledge of traumatic brain injury questionnaire: Initial development and validation

“…The knowledge statements were designed to respond to three categories of answers: yes, no, and I don't know. Consistent with Chamroonsawasdi et al, (2017), when the proportion of correct answers is between 0.2-0.8, the items are neither too difficult nor too easy and are considered appropriate.…”

Modifiable Factors and Colon Cancer Risk in Thai Population

“…Exclusion criteria were being non-Thai and critically ill. Case record form was developed from standard NCDs questionnaires, namely Cage test for cigarette smoking (Williams, 2014), Fagerstrom for nicotine dependence (Ebbert et al, 2006;Uysal et al, 2004), AUDIT for alcoholic dependence (Conigraveet al, 1995;Nordqvist et al, 2004), and WHO STEP wise for physical activity (WHO, 2017). The questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity in Samut Prakarn province, Thailand (Chamroonsawasdi et al, 2017). Content validity of the questionnaire was determined by the mean of the item content validity index (I-CVI) from five experts.…”