Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram based on the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) for breast cancer

Abstract

BackgroundTo evaluate the prognostic effect of log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) and develop a nomogram for survival prediction in breast cancer patients at the time of surgery.ResultsLODDS was an independent risk factor for cancer-related death in breast cancer (hazard ratio: 1.582, 95%CI: 1.190-2.104). Menopausal status, tumor size, pathological lymph node staging, estrogen receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status were also included in the nomogram. The calibration plots indicated optimal agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. Discrimination of nomogram was superior to the seventh edition TNM staging system [C-index: 0.745 vs. 0.721 (p = 0.03) in training cohort; 0.796 vs. 0.726 (p < 0.01) in validation cohort].MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 2023 breast cancer patients from Jan 2002 to Dec 2008 at our center. The cohort was randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors, and nomogram was established using Cox regression model in training cohort. External validation of the nomogram was performed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe LODDS is an independent prognostic indicator in breast cancer and the novel nomogram can provide individual prediction of cancer-specific survival and help prognostic assessment for breast cancer patients.

The prognostic value of lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Moreover, log odds ratio (LODDS), defined as the log of the ratio between the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) and the number of negative lymph nodes, has been proved effective in predicting the prognosis of patients with head and neck, breast, gallbladder, gastric, and colorectal cancers. [10][11][12][13][14] Whether LODDS can be used as a prognostic index of nonÀsmall cell lung cancer, however, is still unclear.…”

Nomograms predicting long-term overall survival and cancer-specific survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

“…Nomograms are useful scoring and visualization tools that can transform multi-factorial Cox's or competing risks models into a single score sheet. Nomograms have been used to assisting surgeons in developing treatment and follow-up strategies in several cancers, including gastric cancer [14], adenoid cystic carcinoma [15] and breast cancer [16] based on a series of factors together. Nomogram development is also included in the NCCN guidelines [17].…”

Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Prostate

“…Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. At present, nomograms have been frequently used to help surgeons formulate treatment schedule and assess the prognosis of cancer, for instance liver cancer [17] , gastric cancer [18] , nasopharyngeal cancer [19] and breast cancer [20] . Most important of all, it has been recorded in the NCCN Clinical Guidelines that prostate cancer can be detected early through nomograms [21] .…”