Development and validation of a hospital screening tool for malnutrition: the short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ©)

Kruizenga, Hinke; Seidell, Jacob C.; Vet, Henrica C.W. de; Wierdsma, N.J.; Schueren, Marian A.E. de van der

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.07.015

Cited by 501 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee, patients were informed on the purpose of the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients. After obtaining patients' informed consent, malnutrition was assessed using the SNAQ r score (Kruizenga et al, 2005) and body mass index (BMI) within 2 days after admission. Patients with an SNAQ r score Z3 and/or BMI r18.5 kg/m 2 were considered malnourished.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of the malnourished patient

2005

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Objective: To characterize malnutrition in a nonspecific group of newly admitted hospital patients. Design: A prospective, descriptive study aiming to identify typical symptoms of malnutrition in a heterogeneous population of newly admitted patients to the wards of internal medicine. Setting: The wards of internal medicine of the VU University Medical Center. Subjects: A total of 106 patients were included in the study, 70 patients underwent the full interview. Next to nutritional status, the sociodemographics, underlying disease, estimated care complexity, care situation before admission, journey through the care system, nutritional intervention and nutritional follow-up after discharge were described for each patient. Results: Of 70 patients 24 (34%) were malnourished. Malnourished patients suffered two chronic diseases vs one for wellnourished patients (P ¼ 0.05). They also had a higher estimated care complexity (P ¼ 0.035) and a trend towards longer length of hospital stay (P ¼ 0.09). Malnourished patients did not differ from well-nourished patients in age, sex, partner status and care received at home. In all, 54% of the malnourished patients were identified correctly by the medical staff. The reasons for admission to the hospital were diverse in only four out of 24 patients malnutrition was the primary reason for admission. Discharge letters to the general practitioner (GP) contained only fragmentary information about the patients' nutritional status. At 3 months after discharge, most of the GPs were scarcely aware of any nutritional problems of their patients. Conclusions: Malnutrition is difficult to recognize in a nonspecific hospital population. Patients do not present with unique symptoms indicating malnutrition. To be able to correctly identify all malnourished patients, screening of the nutritional status of all newly admitted patients seems to be necessary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SNAQ r questionnaire (Z3 points) and BMI (r18.5 kg/ m 2 ) were used as the screening instruments to identify patients at risk of malnutrition (Kruizenga et al, 2005). Based on these instruments, 24 (34%) of the 70 patients with a complete data set were categorized as being malnourished at admission to the hospital.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of the malnourished patient

2005

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“…For the hospital situation, the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) has been developed for this purpose (15). The SNAQ is a quick and easy 4-item screening tool consisting of simple questions that are most predictive of undernutrition, without the need to calculate percentage weight loss or BMI.…”

Section: The Snaq Rc For Recognition Of Undernutrition In Residentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SNAQ has proven to be a valid and reproducible screening tool to detect undernourished hospital in-and outpatients. With the use of this undernutrition screening tool, the recognition of undernutrition improved from 50 to 80% in the inpatient population and from 15 to 70% in the high-risk outpatient population (15,16).…”

Section: The Snaq Rc For Recognition Of Undernutrition In Residentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutrition-related questions were obtained from relevant nutritional screening tools. All questions of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (8), the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) (9), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) (10) and the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) (15) were asked by dieticians.…”

Section: Potential Screening Questions For Development Of Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The SNAQRC, an easy traffic light system as a first step in the recognition of undernutrition in residential care

Kruizenga

Vet

Marissing

et al. 2010

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Transitional Care in Acutely Hospitalized Patients

et al. 2016

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IMPORTANCE Older adults acutely hospitalized are at risk of disability. Trials on comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and transitional care present inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To test whether an intervention of systematic CGA, followed by the transitional care bridge program, improved activities of daily living (ADLs) compared with systematic CGA alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study was a double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 hospitals with affiliated home care organizations in the Netherlands between September 1, 2010, and March 1, 2014. In total, 1070 consecutive patients were eligible, 674 (63.0%) of whom enrolled. They were 65 years or older, acutely hospitalized to a medical ward for at least 48 hours with an Identification of Seniors at Risk-Hospitalized Patients score of 2 or higher, and randomized using permuted blocks stratified by study site and Mini-Mental State Examination score (<24 vs Ն24). The dates of the analysis were June 1, 2014, to November 15, 2014. INTERVENTIONS The transitional care bridge program intervention was started during hospitalization by a visit from a community care registered nurse (CCRN) and continued after discharge with home visits at 2 days and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The CCRNs applied the CGA care and treatment plan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the Katz Index of ADL at 6 months compared with 2 weeks before admission. Secondary outcomes were mortality, cognitive functioning, time to hospital readmission, and the time to discharge from a nursing home. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 674 participants. Their mean age was 80 years, 42.1% (n = 284) were male, and 39.2% (n = 264) were cognitively impaired at admission. Intent-to-treat analysis found no differences in the mean Katz Index of ADL at 6 months between the intervention arm (mean, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8-2.2) and the CGA-only arm (mean, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.2). For secondary outcomes, there were 85 deaths (25.2%) in the intervention arm and 104 deaths (30.9%) in the CGA-only arm, resulting in a lower risk on the time to death within 6 months after hospital admission (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .045; number needed to treat to prevent 1 death, 16). No other secondary outcome was significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A systematic CGA, followed by the transitional care bridge program, showed no effect on ADL functioning in acutely hospitalized older patients.

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Development and validation of a hospital screening tool for malnutrition: the short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ©)

Cited by 501 publications

References 11 publications

Profile of the malnourished patient

Profile of the malnourished patient

The SNAQRC, an easy traffic light system as a first step in the recognition of undernutrition in residential care

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Transitional Care in Acutely Hospitalized Patients

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