Development and Validation of An Immune-Related Gene Pair Signature in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma

Abstract

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common skin malignancy worldwide, and its metastasis and mortality rates are high. The molecular characteristics exhibited by tumor-immune interactions have drawn the attention from researchers. Therefore, increased knowledge and new strategies to identify effective immune-related biomarkers may improve the clinical management of SKCM by providing more accurate prognostic information. In this study, we established a prognostic immune-related gene pair (IRGP) signature for predicting the survival of SKCM patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases provided gene expression profiles together with clinical information, and the samples were randomly divided into three groups including the training, testing, and validation datasets. The regression model of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) helped to identify a 13-IRGP signature with a significant relation to the survival of SKCM patients. The training, TCGA, and independent sets have an average value of area under the curve of 0.79, 0.76, and 0.82, respectively. In addition, this 13-IRGP signature can noticeably divide SKCM patients into high-risk group and low-risk group with significantly different prognoses. Many biological activities such as gene family were enriched among the genes in our IRGP signature. While analyzing the risk signature and clinical characteristics, there was a large difference in the risk score between T stage and tumor stage grouping. Finally, we constructed a nomogram and forest plots of the risk score and clinical features. In summary, we developed a robust 13-IRGP prognostic signature in SKCM, which can identify and provide new insights into immunological biomarkers.

Development and Validation of a Combined Ferroptosis and Immune Prognostic Model for Melanoma

“…We also compared our model with others. Only two models based on immune or ferroptosis-related genes have been discovered so far [46,47]. However, in our analysis, for the frst time, the incorporated ferroptosis and immune gene set were utilized to develop a melanoma-related prognostic model, which could play a consistent prognostic performance in diverse data sets that could be utilized as an independent prognosisrelated predictive indicator for melanoma patients.…”

Testing lncRNAs signature as clinical stage–related prognostic markers in gastric cancer progression using TCGA database

“…All data preprocessing and processing were executed according to the methodology described by Xie et al 44 The source code will be provided in supplementary files upon request as Code R and STAD.lnc.tumor.stage file for better understating the methodology with more clarity.…”