Development and Validation of Comprehensive Healthcare Providers’ Opinions, Preferences, and Attitudes towards Deprescribing (CHOPPED Questionnaire)

Abstract

Successful implementation of deprescribing requires exploring healthcare professionals’ opinions, preferences, and attitudes towards deprescribing. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the questionnaire exploring healthcare providers’ opinions preferences and attitudes towards deprescribing (CHOPPED questionnaire). This was a cross-sectional on-line survey. A comprehensive 58-item questionnaire, in two versions (for pharmacists and physicians), was developed through an extensive literature review and interviews with experts. The questionnaire was validated, and its reliability was assessed through data collected from 356 pharmacists and 109 physicians. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and 37- and 35-item questionnaires were developed. Ten factors were identified: knowledge, awareness, patient barriers and facilitators, competencies barriers and facilitators, collaboration barriers and facilitators, and healthcare system barriers and facilitators. The CHOPPED tool has satisfactory face, content (CVR > 0.62) (content validity ratio), construct, and criterion validity. The reliability statistics of all factors in both versions was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha > 0.6. Test–retest reliability analysis showed that gamma rank correlations of total factor scores were strong and very strong (between 0.519 and 0.938). The CHOPPED tool can be used as a valid and reliable tool to explore healthcare providers’ opinions and attitudes toward discontinuing medications in the primary care setting in Croatia.

Differences in Factors Influencing Deprescribing between Primary Care Providers: Cross-Sectional Study

“…It is important to state that deprescribing is very new concept in the investigated setting and this may have led to healthcare providers being more familiar with the concept being the ones willing to participate in the study, creating a bias. Nevertheless, a significant advantage of this research is a strong methodology for the development and validation of the tool used in this research with confirmed face, content, construct, and criterion validity [ 18 ].…”

“…The survey consisted of three parts: sociodemographic questions, a comprehensive healthcare provider’s opinions, preferences, and attitudes towards deprescribing questionnaire (CHOPPED), and a case vignette (analysis not included herein). The development and validation of the CHOPPED questionnaire have been described elsewhere [ 18 ]. Two versions of the questionnaire are available, one for pharmacists (with 38 items) and one for physicians (with 36 items).…”

Deprescribing in a multimorbid older adult: A case vignette study among community pharmacists and primary care physicians

“…Details on the study design were described in a previous publication 25 . Primary care physicians and pharmacists were sent an invitation (with two remainder invitations 4 and 8 weeks after the initial invite) and the link to the survey containing the case vignette via email.…”

“…Stop medication a 159 (12%) Opioid (32), moxonidine (25), furosemide (25), NSAID (19), bisoprolol (15), allopurinol (10), lactulose (7), zolpidem (5), PPI (5), alprazolam (4), escitalopram (4), amlodipine/valsartan (4), ASA (3), tamsulozin…”